Gambaran Klinis, Karakteristik, dan Perawatan Hipomineralisasi Molar Kedua Sulung : Tinjauan Pustaka

Enrita Dian Rahmadini, Enrita Dian Rahmadini, Sri Ratna Laksmiastuti

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Hypomineralized Second Primary Molar (HSPM) is a qualitative systemic enamel defect resulting from structural developmental disturbances during the formation of the second primary molar's enamel. This condition is characterized by demarcated enamel opacities affecting one or more teeth, with varies prevalence between countries ranging from 0% to 41%. HSPM is clinically significant as it serves as a strong predictor for Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (MIH) in permanent dentition, with affected children facing a five-fold higher risk. This literature review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the clinical features, and diagnosis of HSPM to facilitate early clinical detection. Clinically feature of HSPM varies from cream to yellow-brown demarcated opacities, post-eruptive enamel breakdown (PEB), atypical caries, and acute hypersensitivity, which can significantly diminish the patient's quality of life. Diagnosis typically fol lows the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria of MIH or HSPM. Teeth affected by HSPM are five times more likely to develop dental caries compared to normal teeth therefore a comprehensive early diagnosis and early treatment is needed to prevent progressive tooth destruction and improve oral health outcomes in pediatric patients. Management strategies range from non-invasive preventive measures, such as fluoride application and Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP), to restorative treatments using resin composites or full-coverage crowns for severe cases.

 

Keywords: Hypomineralized Second Primary Molar (HSPM), Enamel Defects, Pediatric Dentistry, Early Diagnosis.

  

ABSTRAK

 

Molar Kedua Sulung Hipomineralisasi (Hypomineralized Second Primary Molar/HSPM) merupakan defek email sistemik secara kualitatif yang diakibatkan oleh gangguan perkembangan struktural selama proses pembentukan email gigi molar kedua sulung. Kondisi ini ditandai dengan adanya opasitas email yang berbatas jelas pada satu atau lebih gigi, dengan prevalensi yang bervariasi antar negara, berkisar antara 0% hingga 41%. HSPM memiliki signifikansi klinis yang penting karena berfungsi sebagai prediktor kuat bagi kondisi Molar Incisor Hypomineralization (HMI) pada gigi permanen, di mana anak-anak yang terdampak memiliki risiko 5 kali lipat lebih tinggi. Tinjauan pustaka ini bertujuan untuk memberikan gambaran komprehensif mengenai karakteristik klinis dan diagnosis HSPM guna memfasilitasi deteksi klinis sedini mungkin. Karakteristik klinis HSPM bervariasi, mulai dari opasitas berbatas jelas berwarna krem hingga kuning-kecokelatan, kerusakan email pasca-erupsi (post-eruptive enamel breakdown/PEB), karies atipikal, serta hipersensitivitas akut yang dapat menurunkan kualitas hidup pasien secara signifikan. Diagnosis umumnya ditegakkan berdasarkan kriteria HMI atau HSPM dari European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD). Gigi yang mengalami HSPM memiliki kemungkinan lima kali lebih besar untuk berkembang menjadi karies gigi dibandingkan gigi normal; oleh karena itu, diperlukan diagnosis dan penanganan dini yang komprehensif untuk mencegah kerusakan gigi progresif serta meningkatkan derajat kesehatan mulut pada pasien pediatrik. Strategi penatalaksanaan mencakup tindakan preventif non-invasif, seperti aplikasi fluorida dan Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate(CPP-ACP), hingga perawatan restoratif menggunakan komposit resin atau mahkota selubung (full-coverage crowns)pada kasus yang berat.

 

Kata Kunci: Hipomineralisasi Molar Kedua Sulung (HSPM), Defek Email, Kedokteran Gigi Anak, Diagnosis Dini.


Kata Kunci


Hypomineralized Second Primary Molar (HSPM), Enamel Defects, Pediatric Dentistry, Early Diagnosis

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i7.25242

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