Manajemen Stres Pengasuhan Pada Orang Tua yang Memiliki Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus (Literature Review)

Suci Mulya Eryuni, Aat Sriati

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Children with special needs require more intensive caregiving, placing parents at risk of experiencing parenting stress that can adversely affect psychological well-being, the quality of parent–child relationships, and overall family functioning. This study aims to analyze various interventions for managing parenting stress among parents of children with special needs through a literature review of articles retrieved from PubMed, Scopus, SAGE Journals, and Springer, with inclusion criteria limited to full-text articles published between 2021 and 2026 in either Indonesian or English. Based on the search results, eight articles were selected and analyzed narratively. The findings indicate that effective interventions include cognitive and psychoeducational approaches, resilience training and empowerment, social support, parent–child relationship therapy, as well as health education and counseling. These interventions have been shown to reduce stress levels while enhancing coping abilities, emotional regulation, and parental self-efficacy. Therefore, the management of parenting stress requires a multidimensional approach that not only focuses on stress reduction but also on strengthening psychological and social resources, thereby improving parents’ quality of life and overall family functioning.

 

Keywords: Children With Special Needs, Parenting Stress, Stress Management, Intervention, Coping.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Anak berkebutuhan khusus memerlukan pengasuhan yang lebih intensif, sehingga orang tua berisiko mengalami stres pengasuhan yang dapat berdampak pada kesejahteraan psikologis, kualitas hubungan orang tua–anak, serta fungsi keluarga secara keseluruhan. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis berbagai intervensi dalam manajemen stres pengasuhan pada orang tua anak berkebutuhan khusus melalui tinjauan literatur dari database PubMed, Scopus, Sage Journal, dan Springer dengan kriteria artikel terbit tahun 2021–2026, berbahasa Indonesia atau Inggris, serta tersedia dalam bentuk full text. Berdasarkan hasil penelusuran, diperoleh delapan artikel yang dianalisis secara naratif. Temuan menunjukkan bahwa intervensi yang efektif meliputi pendekatan kognitif dan psikoedukasi, pelatihan resiliensi dan pemberdayaan, dukungan sosial, terapi hubungan orang tua–anak, serta edukasi dan konseling kesehatan. Berbagai intervensi tersebut terbukti mampu menurunkan tingkat stres, serta meningkatkan kemampuan koping, regulasi emosi, dan self-efficacy pada orang tua. Oleh karena itu, manajemen stres pengasuhan perlu dilakukan melalui pendekatan multidimensional yang tidak hanya berfokus pada penurunan stres, tetapi juga pada penguatan sumber daya psikologis dan sosial, sehingga dapat meningkatkan kualitas hidup orang tua dan fungsi keluarga secara optimal.

 

Kata Kunci: Anak Berkebutuhan Khusus, Stres Pengasuhan, Manajemen Stres, Intervensi, Koping.


Kata Kunci


anak berkebutuhan khusus, stres pengasuhan, manajemen stres, intervensi, koping

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i7.25440

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