Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Perilaku Merokok di Kalangan Pekerja dan Pengunjung Perawatan Kesehatan di Rumah Sakit Rawat Inap Chc Vera Cruz

Carlitos Correia Freitas, Anderias Umbu Roga, Serlie K.A Littik, Marylin S. Juniad, Sintha Lisa Purimahua

Sari


ABSTRACT


Smoking behavior remains a persistent issue even within healthcare environments, such as the Vera Cruz Inpatient Community Health Center in Dili, Timor–Leste. While healthcare workers are expected to act as role models for healthy behavior, smoking practices still occur within health service areas.
This study aimed to analyze the factors influencing smoking behavior among healthcare workers and visitors using the Precede-Proceed model.
A quantitative, descriptive-correlational, and cross–sectional study was conducted involving 92 respondents selected randomly from a population of 118. Data were collected using a validated questionnaire and analyzed using univariate, bivariate (Chi-square), and multivariate logistic regression tests.
The results revealed that 46.7% of respondents were current smokers, while 42.4% were non–smokers. Significant factors associated with smoking behavior included knowledge of smoking hazards (p = 0.017), health promotion (p = 0.042), anti–smoking policy enforcement (p = 0.031), and stress level (p = 0.022). Multivariate analysis showed that respondents with low knowledge (OR = 3.45), poor health promotion exposure (OR = 2.75), absence of anti–smoking policies (OR = 2.56), and moderate to severe stress levels (OR = 3.21) were significantly more likely to engage in smoking behavior. Observational findings indicated weak policy enforcement, ineffective health promotion, and stress as primary drivers of continued smoking. The study concludes that smoking behavior in healthcare settings is a complex issue influenced not only by individual knowledge but also by institutional policy strength, health communication effectiveness, and mental health conditions. It recommends improving policy enforcement, designing contextual health promotions, and providing psychosocial support to create a truly smoke-free healthcare environment.

 

Keywords: Health Promotion, Healthcare Workers, Policy Enforcement, Smoking Behavior, Stress.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Perilaku merokok masih menjadi masalah yang persisten bahkan di lingkungan pelayanan kesehatan, seperti di Puskesmas Rawat Inap Vera Cruz di Dili, Timor–Leste. Meskipun tenaga kesehatan diharapkan menjadi teladan dalam perilaku hidup sehat, praktik merokok masih ditemukan di area pelayanan kesehatan.
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi perilaku merokok pada tenaga kesehatan dan pengunjung dengan menggunakan model Precede-Proceed. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif dengan desain deskriptif korelasional dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Penelitian melibatkan 92 responden yang dipilih secara acak dari populasi sebanyak 118 orang. Data dikumpulkan menggunakan kuesioner yang telah divalidasi dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat (uji Chi-square), serta regresi logistik multivariat.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 46,7% responden merupakan perokok aktif, sedangkan 42,4% merupakan non-perokok. Faktor yang berhubungan secara signifikan dengan perilaku merokok meliputi pengetahuan tentang bahaya merokok (p = 0,017), promosi kesehatan (p = 0,042), penegakan kebijakan anti-merokok (p = 0,031), dan tingkat stres (p = 0,022). Analisis multivariat menunjukkan bahwa responden dengan pengetahuan rendah (OR = 3,45), paparan promosi kesehatan yang kurang (OR = 2,75), tidak adanya kebijakan anti-merokok (OR = 2,56), serta tingkat stres sedang hingga berat (OR = 3,21) memiliki kemungkinan lebih besar untuk melakukan perilaku merokok. Hasil observasi juga menunjukkan bahwa lemahnya penegakan kebijakan, promosi kesehatan yang tidak efektif, serta stres menjadi pendorong utama berlanjutnya perilaku merokok.Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa perilaku merokok di lingkungan pelayanan kesehatan merupakan masalah yang kompleks yang dipengaruhi tidak hanya oleh pengetahuan individu, tetapi juga oleh kekuatan kebijakan institusi, efektivitas komunikasi kesehatan, serta kondisi kesehatan mental. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan peningkatan penegakan kebijakan, perancangan promosi kesehatan yang kontekstual, serta penyediaan dukungan psikososial untuk menciptakan lingkungan pelayanan kesehatan yang benar-benar bebas asap rokok.

 

Kata Kunci: Perilaku Merokok, Stres, Promosi Kesehatan, Penegakan Kebijakan, Tenaga Kesehatan, Pengunjung, Timor-Leste.


Kata Kunci


Perilaku merokok, stres, promosi kesehatan, penegakan kebijakan, tenaga kesehatan, pengunjung, Timor-Leste

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i8.25558

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