Pengaruh Terapi Akupresur terhadap Peningkatan Produksi Asi pada Ibu Post Partum: Systematic Literature Review

Sari

ABSTRACT

The World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) recommend that infants only be given breast milk for at least 6 months, and breastfeeding continues until the child is two years old. Based on WHO data, only 44% of newborns in the world were breastfed within the first hour of birth, there were only a small number of infants under the age of 6 month who had exclusive breastfeeding. Indonesia has reached the target of exclusive breastfeeding coverage, but there wre still 2 provinces that did not meet the target, namely West Papua (34%) and Maluku (37.2%). Insufficient breast milk production will eventually have a negative impact on the infant since he or she will be susceptible to disease and infection which further may lead to infant mortality or stunting as well as decreased intelligence in the future stage of life. One of the efforts that can be performed to increase breast milk production is acupressure technique. To determine the effect of acupressure therapy on breast milk production among postpartum women through the Systematic Literature Review method. The current study applied the Sytematic Literature Review method. The databases involved literatures published in Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct in accordance with the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Of 14 journals published, most of them were published in 2019 as many as 6 journals (42.85), 8 journals (57.15%) were published Nationally, 11 journals (78.55%) applied a Quasi-experimental design and most of respondents aged 20-35 years and most of respondents were primiparous women. Before the acupressure therapy, all women experienced insufficient breast milk and after the acupressure therapy there was a significant increase in the breast milk production. Acupressure technique was performed gently at the Shangzhong (CV-17), Shaoze (SI-1), Ying Chuang (ST 16), Ru Gen (ST 18), He Ku (LI 4), Cu San Li (ST 36), dan San Yin Chiao (SP 6) meridians during 5-10 minutes regularly, once a day. Acupressure was very influential on the increase in breast milk production since it can increase the levels of the prolactin and oxytocin hormones.

Keywords: Acupressure, Postpartum, Breast milk Production

ABSTRAK

Word Health Organization (WHO) dan United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) merekomendasikan bayi hanya diberikan Air Susu Ibu (ASI) paling sedikit 6 bulan, dan pemberian ASI dilanjutkan sampai bayi berumur dua tahun. Berdasarkan data WHO, bahwa hanya 44% dari bayi yang baru lahir di dunia yang mendapatkan ASI dalam waktu satu jam pertama sejak lahir, masih sedikit juga bayi di bawah usia 6 bulan menyusui secara eksklusif. Indonesia telah mencapai target cakupan ASI eklusif, akan tetapi masih ada 2 lagi Provinsi yang tidak memenuhi target yaitu Papua Barat (34%) dan Maluku (37,2%). ASI tidak cukup akan berdampak buruk pada bayi ibu yaitu bayi ibu akan mudah terkenah penyakit dan infeksi akibatnya bayi bisa meninggal dan di kemudian hari bayi ibu bisa stunting dan penurunan kecerdasan otak bayi. Salah satu upaya yang dapat digunakan untuk meningkatkan produksi ASI yaitu menggunakan teknik akupresur. Mengetahui pengaruh terapi akupresur terhadap produksi ASI pada ibu nifas dengan metode Sytematic Literature Review. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode Sytematic Literature Review, dengan databased yang digunakan Pubmed, Google Scholar, Science Direct yang sudah sesuai dengan sesuai dengan kriteria inklusi dan eksklusif. dalam 14 jurnal tahun terbit terbanyak di tahun 2019 sebanyak 6 jurnal (42.85), publikasih jurnal dan Bahasa yang digunakan Nasional 8 jurnal (57.15%), dengan desain Quasi eksperimen 11 jurnal (78.55%) dan karakteristik responden semuanya berusia 20-35 tahun dengan primipara terbanyak yang sebelum di lakaukn terapi akupresur semua ibu mengalami ketidakcukupan ASI dan sesudah di lakuakan terapi akupresur ada peningkatan yang signifikan pada produksi ASI ibu, teknik akupresur yang dilakukan dengan lembut pada titik merdian Shangzhong (CV-17), Shaoze (SI-1), Ying Chuang (ST 16), Ru Gen (ST 18), He Ku (LI 4), Cu San Li (ST 36), dan San Yin Chiao (SP 6) selama 5-10 menit secara rutin 1 x sehari. Akupresur sangat berpegaruh terhadap peningkatan produksi ASI karena akupresur dapat meningkatkan kadar hormon prolaktin dan oksitosin.

Kata kunci: Akupresur, Postpartum, Produksi ASI