Studi Deskriptif Pasien Multi Drug Resisten Tuberculosis di Rsu Cut Mutia Kabupaten Aceh Utara Tahun 2019-2022

Sari

ABSTRACT

Tuberculosis is an infectious disease that is still a global health problem. The long period of treatment for tuberculosis results in patients not completing treatment until completion, giving the wrong drug, both the wrong dose and type of drug, poor drug quality, and lack of drug supply which are the causes of multi-drug resistant tuberculosis (MDR TB) cases. MDR-TB is a type of tuberculosis that is resistant to the two most powerful tuberculosis drugs, namely Isoniazid and Rifampicin. The Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia in 2021 stated that there were 7921 confirmed cases and 4590 enrolled cases of MDR/RR TB. This study aims to analyze the characteristics and determinants associated with MDR TB patients undergoing treatment. This study used a retrospective descriptive study design, total sampling was carried out on MDR TB patients undergoing treatment at RSU Cut Mutia in the period 2019 to 2022 as many as 40 samples. The results of the study found that the average age of MDRTB patients was 45.5 years. The most gender was male at 70%, with normal nutritional status at 65% with a history of previous treatment failure of 65%. As many as 75% of MDRTB patients do not have comorbid diseases, and the guideline for the use of long-term OAT is the most dominant, which is 65%.

Keywords: MDR-TB, Characteristics, Determinant Factors

ABSTRAK

Tuberkulosis merupakan penyakit infeksi yang masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan dunia. Lamanya periode pengobatan tuberkulosis mengakibatkan penderita tidak menyelesaikan pengobatan sampai selesai, pemberian obat yang salah, baik kesalahan dosis maupun  jenis obat, kualitas obat yang buruk serta persediaan obat yang kurang menjadi penyebab timbulnya kasus multi drug resisten tuberkulosis (MDR TB). TB-MDR merupakan jenis tuberculosis yang kebal terhadap dua obat tuberculosis paling kuat yaitu Isoniazid dan Rifampisin. Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia tahun 2021 menyatakan terdapat 7921 kasus terkonfirmasi dan 4590 kasus enroll TB MDR/RR. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis karakteristik dan factor determinan yang berhubungan selama penderita MDR TB menjalani pengobatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain studi deskriptif retrospective, pengambilan sampel dilakukan secara total sampling pada pasien MDR TB yang menjalani pengobatan di RSU Cut Mutia dalam rentang waktu 2019 hingga 2022 sebanyak 40 sampel. Hasil penelitian dijumpai usia rata-rata penderita MDRTB 45,5 tahun. Jenis kelamin terbanyak adalah laki-laki sebesar 70%, status gizi normal 65% dengan riwayat gagal pengobatan sebelumnya sebesar 65%. Sebanyak 75% penderita MDRTB tidak memiliki penyakit komorbid, serta panduan penggunaan OAT jangka panjang paling dominan yaitu sebanyak 65%.

Kata Kunci: MDR-TB, Karakteristik, Faktor Determinan