Efektifitas Paket Pendidikan Anti Stunting (PENTING) Berbasis Kearifan Lokal terhadap Kesadaran Kritis Keluarga dalam Pencegahan Stunting

Sari

ABSTRACT

Stunting is a health problem in the world that continues to this day, as evidenced by the prevalence of stunting in the world which has reached 22.0% in 2020. Data from the Aceh Health Service shows that Aceh is ranked fifth in stunting cases. East Aceh District has the highest proportion of stunting at 20%. Data from the Sungai Raya Health Center, Sungai Raya District, East Aceh Regency, obtained as many as 151 children who experienced stunting, where Buket Selamat Village was one of the villages with the highest number of stunting, namely 22 children. Efforts to increase family awareness of stunting prevention require optimal education. Stunting prevention education in the family environment can be summarized into the Anti Stunting Education Package (IMPORTANT) which consists of education on nutritious food intake for pregnant women, exclusive breastfeeding, adolescent health, infection prevention, parenting, feeding children, choosing nutritious foods and food security from local food sources, infectious diseases, and environmental health. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the Anti Stunting Education Package (PENTING) on critical awareness of families in stunting prevention. The research method used is Quasi Experiment with the research design using Pretest-Posttest Design.This study will conduct two observations, namely before (Pretest) and before (Posttest), this research was conducted in Bukit Selamat Village with a sample of 46 families of stunting toddlers using purposive sampling technique. The data that has been collected will be analyzed using the SPSS 22 statistical program. Bivariable data analysis was carried out using paired t-test with a significance level of p<0.05. The results showed that there was an increase in the mean score of knowledge and attitudes between before and before being given the Anti Stunting Education Package (PENTING) intervention. The results of the analysis of family awareness (knowledge and attitudes) before and before the intervention showed a significant difference (p<0.001). In further research, it is recommended to use community empowerment methods for stunting rates. Based on the results of this study, the researchers concluded that there was an increase in knowledge and attitudes of mothers/caregivers of toddlers in stunting prevention after education using educational media. Based on the results of the analytical test, it was found that there was a significant difference in the value of knowledge and attitudes before and after the anti stunting education package (p value < 0.05). It is hoped that in further research it is recommended to use community empowerment methods for stunting rates.

Keywords: Awareness, Family, Important, Stunting

ABSTRAK

Stunting merupakan masalah kesehatan di dunia yang terus bergulir hingga saat ini, terbukti dari prevalensi stunting di dunia telah mencapai 22.0% pada tahun 2020. Data Dinas Kesehatan Aceh menunjukkan bahwa Aceh berada pada peringkat kelima kasus stunting. Kabupaten Aceh Timur memiliki persentase stunting tertinggi yaitu 20%. Data Puskesmas Sungai Raya Kecamatan Sungai Raya Kabupaten Aceh Timur didapatkan sebanyak 151 anak mengalami Stunting, dimana Desa Buket Selamat salah satu desa angka tertinggi yaitu 22 anak yang mengalami stunting. Upaya peningkatan kesadaran keluarga akan pencegahan stunting dibutuhkan edukasi yang optimal. Edukasi pencegahan stunting di lingkungan keluarga dapat dirangkum menjadi Paket Pendidikan Anti Stunting (PENTING) yang terdiri dari edukasi tentang asupan makanan bergizi ibu hamil, ASI ekslusif, kesehatan remaja, pencegahan infeksi, pola asuh pemberian makanan pada anak, pemilihan makanan bergizi dan ketahanan pangan dari sumber pangan lokal, pencegahan penyakit menular, dan kesehatan lingkungan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektifitas Paket Pendidikan Anti Stunting (PENTING) terhadap kesadaran kritis keluarga dalam pencegahan stunting. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah Quasi Eksperiment dengan desain penelitian menggunakan Pretest-Posttest Design. Penelitian ini akan melakukan observasi dua kali yaitu sebelum (Pretest) dan sesudah (Posttest), penelitian ini dilakukan di Desa Bukit Selamat jumlah sampel 46 keluarga balita stunting dengan menggunakan teknik purposive sampling. Data yang telah terkumpul akan dianalisis menggunakan program statistic SPSS 22. Analisis data bivariabel dilakukan menggunakan uji paired t test dengan tingkat kemaknaan p<0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi peningkatan mean skor pengetahuan dan sikap antara sebelum dan sesudah diberikan intervensi Paket Pendidikan Anti Stunting (PENTING). Hasil analisis kesadaran keluarga (pengetahuan dan sikap) sebelum dan sesudah intervensi menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna (p<0,001). Pada penelitan selanjutnya disarankan dapat menggunakan metode pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk menurunkan angka stunting. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, peneliti menyimpulkan bahwa ada peningkatan pengetahuan dan sikap ibu/pengasuh balita dalam pencegahan stunting setelah dilakukan edukasi dengan menggunakan media edukasi. Berdasarkan dari hasil uji analitis, diperoleh bahwa ada perbedaan yang bermakna nilai mean pengetahuan dan sikap sebelum dan setelah dilakukan paket pendidikan anti stunting (p value < 0.05). Diharapkan Pada penelitan selanjutnya disarankan dapat menggunakan metode pemberdayaan masyarakat untuk menurunkan angka stunting.

Kata Kunci:  Kesadaran, Keluarga, PENTING, Stunting