Diagnosis Komunitas dalam Upaya Penurunan Kasus Baru Penyakit Jantung Koroner di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Gembong, Kecamatan Balaraja, Kabupaten Tangerang, Provinsi Banten Periode 07 November – 21 Desember 2022

Cindy Willyana, Felix Ongko, Melly Liman, Zita Atzmardina

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Community diagnosis is needed in a community to address existing health problems. Coronary Heart Disease / CHD is a condition where there is blockage in the coronary arteries due to atherosclerosis. Coronary Heart Disease is a major contributor to death and increasing DALYs in the global population. The 2018 RisKesDas reports that the prevalence of CHD in Indonesia is 1.5% of the total population. An increase in CHD cases at the Gembong Health Center was reported from 1 case to 17 cases (1600%) in the period September - October 2022. Increase public knowledge about Coronary Heart Disease, healthy heart exercises and CHD risk factors owned by the community in the working area of the Gembong Health Center in efforts to reduce new cases of CHD. Causes and interventions were identified using a community diagnostic approach. Collecting data using a mini-survey and identifying the source of the problem using the Blum paradigm. The problem priority is determined from the Delphi non-scoring method. Identify the cause of the problem with a fishbone diagram. Counseling about CHD, demonstrating healthy heart exercises, and screening for CHD risk factors were selected as interventions to address this problem. The PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) method is applied as a monitoring method and a systematic approach to evaluation. The first intervention in the form of counseling about CHD obtained a post-test score of ≥ 70 in 86.7% of respondents. The results of the second intervention found that 3 respondents voluntarily were able to do healthy heart exercises. The results of the third intervention showed that all respondents screened and found out their CHD risk factors. Lifestyle aspects play an important role in the increase in CHD cases at the Gembong Health Center. The interventions carried out led to an increase in public knowledge of CHD and risk factors and healthy heart exercises.

 

Keywords: CHD, Community diagnosis, Blum Paradigm, Delphi, Fishbone diagram

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Diagnosis komunitas diperlukan dalam sebuah komunitas untuk mengatasi permasalahan kesehatan yang ada. Penyakit Jantung Koroner / PJK merupakan kondisi terjadinya penyumbatan pada pembuluh darah koroner akibat proses atherosklerosis. Penyakit Jantung Koroner merupakan kontributor utama atas kematian dan meningkatnya angka DALYs pada populasi global. RisKesDas 2018 melaporkan prevalensi PJK di Indonesia sebesar 1,5% dari total penduduk. Peningkatan kasus PJK di Puskesmas Gembong dilaporkan dari 1 kasus menjadi 17 kasus (1600%) pada periode September - Oktober 2022. Meningkatkan pengetahuan masyarakat mengenai Penyakit Jantung Koroner, senam jantung sehat dan faktor risiko PJK yang dimiliki masyarakat di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Gembong dalam upaya menurunkan kasus baru PJK. Penyebab dan intervensi diidentifikasi menggunakan pendekatan diagnostik komunitas. Pengumpulan data menggunakan surveimini dan identifikasi sumber masalah menggunakan paradigma Blum. Prioritas masalah ditentukan dari metode non-scoring Delphi. Identifikasi penyebab masalah dengan diagram fishbone. Penyuluhan mengenai PJK, demonstrasi senam jantung sehat, dan skrining faktor risiko PJK dipilih sebagai intervensi untuk mengataso permasalahan ini. Metode PDCA (Plan-Do-Check-Action) diterapkan sebagai metode monitoring dan pendekatan sistematis untuk melakukan evaluasi. Intervensi pertama berupa penyuluhan mengenai PJK didapatkan nilai post-test ≥ 70 pada 86,7% responden. Hasil intervensi kedua didapatkan 3 responden secara sukarela mampu melakukan senam jantung sehat. Hasil intervensi ketiga didapatkan seluruh responden melakukan screening dan mengetahui faktor risiko PJK yang dimilikinya. Aspek lifestyle memainkan peran penting dalam meningkatnya kasus PJK di Puskesmas Gembong. Intervensi yang dilakukan menyebabkan meningkatnya pengetahuan masyarakat akan PJK serta faktor risiko dan senam jantung sehat.

 

Kata Kunci: PJK, Diagnosis komunitas, Paradigma Blum, Delphi, Diagram fishbone


Kata Kunci


PJK, Diagnosis komunitas, Paradigma Blum, Delphi, Diagram fishbone

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v5i8.9312

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