Determinan Penerimaan Vaksin COVID-19 di Kabupaten Kerinci Tahun 2022: Studi Cross Sectional

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ABSTRACT

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is still a public health problem, including in Kerinci Regency. Various countermeasures have been carried out both globally and nationally. Efforts are made not only through prevention efforts through health protocols but also through vaccination efforts. Vaccines have proven to positively impact efforts to deal with the COVID-19 pandemic. The acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine is one of the keys to fulfilling the COVID-19 vaccination achievements. Kerinci Regency is one of the districts in Jambi Province with low COVID-19 vaccination coverage, which is 66.20% as of August 28, 2022. This study aimed to determine the determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Kerinci Regency. This study wss an analytic study using a cross sectional design conducted in Kerinci Regency in July 2022. The population of this study was all people aged ≥18 years who live in Kerinci Regency, with a sample of 300 people. Sampling used a 2-stage cluster method using Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Villages used in this PPS were villages with COVID-19 vaccine coverage dose 2 <50%. Data were analyzed descriptively and analytically.The results showed that 54.7% of respondents who had received 2 or more doses of vaccine. Multivariate analysis showed that self-efficacy (aPR=1.764; 95%CI: 1.23-2.53) and education level (aPR=1.47; 95%CI: 1.05-2.07) were associated with receiving a complete dose of vaccine (dose 2 or more). The study found that self-efficacy was the most dominant risk factor for COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. Self-efficacy and education level are determinants of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance in Kerinci Regency. Health promotion efforts related to the COVID-19 vaccine need to be carried out by emphasizing self-efficacy and considering people at low education levels.

Keywords: COVID-19 Vaccine, Self-Efficacy, Education Level

ABSTRAK

Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) masih menjadi masalah kesehatan masyarakat, termasuk di Kabupaten Kerinci. Berbagai upaya penanggulangan telah dilakukan baik secara global maupun nasional. Upaya yang dilakukan tidak hanya melalui upaya pencegahan melalui protokol kesehatan tetapi juga melalui upaya vaksinasi. Vaksin terbukti memberikan dampak positif terhadap upaya penanganan pandemi COVID-19. Penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 menjadi salah satu kunci pemenuhan capaian vaksinasi COVID-19. Kabupaten Kerinci merupakan salah satu kabupaten di Provinsi Jambi yang cakupan vaksinasi COVID-19-nya masih rendah, yaitu 66,20% per 28 Agustus 2022. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui determinan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 di Kabupaten Kerinci. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian analitik dengan menggunakan desain cross sectional yang dilakukan di Kabupaten Kerinci pada bulan Juli 2022. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh masyarakat berusia ≥18 tahun yang berdomisili di Kabupaten Kerinci, dengan sampel sebanyak 300 orang. Pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode cluster 2 tahap dengan menggunakan Probability Proportional to Size (PPS). Desa yang digunakan dalam PPS ini adalah desa dengan cakupan vaksin COVID-19 dosis 2 <50%. Data dianalisis secara deskriptif dan analitik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa responden yang telah menerima vaksin dosis 2 atau lebih sebesar 54,7%. Hasil analisis multivariate menunjukkan bahwa self-efficacy (aPR=1,764; 95%CI: 1,23-2,53) dan tingkat pendidikan (aPR=1,47; 95%CI: 1,05-2,07) berhubungan dengan penerimaan vaksin dosis lengkap (dosis 2 atau lebih). Penelitian menemukan bahwa self-efficacy merupakan faktor risiko yang paling dominan terhapad penerimaan vaksin COVID-19. Self-efficacy dan tingkat pendidikan merupakan determinan penerimaan vaksin COVID-19 di Kabupaten Kerinci. Upaya promosi kesehatan berkaitan dengan vaksin COVID-19 perlu dilakukan dengan menekankan pada self-efficacy dan mempertimbangkan masyarakat pada tingkat pendidikan rendah.

Kata Kunci: Vaksin COVID-19, Self-Efficacy, Tingkat Pendidikan