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Faktor Determinan Perkawinan Anak Pada Remaja Perempuan: Tinjauan Literatur Sistematis
Abstract
Perkawinan anak merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat dan pelanggaran hak asasi manusia yang masih banyak terjadi di berbagai negara berkembang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi faktor-faktor penentu perkawinan anak melalui metode literature review dengan pedoman Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). Pencarian artikel dilakukan melalui basis data PubMed dan ScienceDirect pada rentang tahun 2020–202. Ditemukan sebanyak 1.138 artikel dengan kriteria inklusi remaja perempuan berusia ≤18 tahun yang telah menikah. Sebanyak 8 artikel memenuhi kriteria dan dianalisis menggunakan analisis tematik berdasarkan kerangka kerja sosio-ekologis. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa faktor penentu perkawinan anak terbagi menjadi faktor individu, faktor interpersonal, faktor komunitas, dan faktor masyarakat. Faktor individu meliputi rendahnya tingkat pendidikan, kemiskinan, kurangnya pengetahuan tentang kesehatan reproduksi, serta usia hubungan seksual pertama yang lebih dini. Faktor interpersonal mencakup kurangnya dukungan keluarga, hubungan keluarga yang disfungsional, tekanan ekonomi, serta pengaruh orang tua. Faktor komunitas dan masyarakat dipengaruhi oleh budaya, agama, norma sosial, serta lingkungan tempat tinggal yang mendukung praktik perkawinan anak. Perkawinan anak berdampak negatif terhadap kesehatan reproduksi, pendidikan, sosial ekonomi, serta kesehatan mental remaja perempuan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan upaya kolaboratif melalui pendidikan, penguatan peran keluarga, dukungan komunitas, serta keterlibatan pemimpin masyarakat untuk mencegah perkawinan anak.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jmm.v10i2.25969
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