TINJAUAN PUSTAKA COVID-19: VIROLOGI, PATOGENESIS, DAN MANIFESTASI KLINIS

Nur Indah Fitriani

Abstract


Covid-19 dideklarasikan sebagai pandemik oleh WHO pada tanggal 12 Maret 2020. Hal ini membuat Covid-19 menjadi perhatian utama dunia. Berbagai penelitian telah dilakukan untuk mengungkap agen penyebab Covid-19 serta patogenesis dan manifestasi klinis pada pasien Covid-19. Penulisan ini menggunakan metode studi literatur melalui penelusuran artikel publikasi pada PubMed, Elsevier, dan Springer yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2020. Ditemukan bahwa agen penyebab Covid-19 merupakan virus RNA yang berasal dari genus betacoronavirus. Virus ini dinamakan SARS-CoV-2 dan menggunakan ACE2 yang merupakan reseptor membran ekstraselular yang diekspresikan pada sel epitel tubuh inang sebagai jalan masuknya. Infeksi dari SARS-CoV-2 dapat menyebabkan badai sitokin yang berakibat pada kerusakan jaringan dan dapat menimbulkan Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Manifestasi klinis Covid-19 beragam, melibatkan traktus respiratorius, traktus gastrointestinal, hingga dilaporkan manifestasi neurologis. Gejala utama Covid-19 yaitu demam, batuk kering, dispnea, fatigue, nyeri otot, dan sakit kepala.

Keywords


Covid-19, SARS-CoV-2, ACE2, Patogenesis, Manifestasi Klinis

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jmm.v4i3.3174

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