MODEL SISTEM PRODUKSI BIOETANOL BERKELANJUTAN

Rani Ismiarti Ergantara

Abstract


Perkembangan bioetanol di Indonesia dihadapkan pada keterbatasan modal, produktivitas bahan baku rendah, kontinuitas bahan baku tidak terjamin, limbah bioetanol yang berpotensi memberikan dampak pada lingkungan, dan belum adanya sistem tata niaga bioefuel yang jelas. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis pola aktivitas sistem produksi bioetanol dan membuat model sistem produksi bioetanol berkelanjutan di PT X yang merupakan satu-satunya industri bioethanol di Kabupaten Lampung Utara Provinsi Lampung. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah pemodelan dengan pendekatan berpikir sistem. Pemodelan sistem bioetanol berkelanjutan dianalisis melalui identifikasi permasalahan/ situasi, variabel kunci, perilaku dari waktu ke waktu, diagram lingkar sebab akibat, sistem archetype, leverage points, dan pengembangan strategi intervensi. Identifikasi struktur dan perilaku dilakukan pada dua sub model yaitu sub model penyediaan bahan baku oleh petani ubi kayu Kab. Lampung Utara dan pengolahan bioetanol oleh PT. X. Hasil analisis system archetype menunjukkan bahwa produksi bioetanol PT. X dihadapkan pada kesulitan memperoleh ubi kayu akibat penurunan produktivitas. Upaya penggunaan pupuk yang telah dilakukan petani untuk meningkatkan produktivitas pada jangka waktu tertentu mengarah pada produktivitas yang semakin menurun dan berpotensi mengasamkan tanah akibat pemupukan yang tidak seimbang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat empat strategi intervensi yang dikembangkan untuk mencapai model sistem produksi bioetanol berkelanjutan. Pertama, perlu peningkatan mutu intensifikasi melalui pengelolaan lahan berkelanjutan menggunakan teknologi pengapuran terpadu dan pemanfaatan pupuk sludge. Kedua, perlu pembentukan kemitraan indutri dan asosiasi petani ubi kayu menggunakan pola kemitraan pengembangan sub terminal agribisnis. Ketiga, perlu peningkatan kesadaran dan kepedulian petani melalui peningkatan kualitas pengetahuan dan partisipasi dalam rencana penggunaan pupuk sludge. Keempat, perlu adanya pengenalan kepada petani dan pengawasan pemerintah terhadap pelaksanaan kebijakan insentif lahan pertanian berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: model, sistem produksi, bioetanol, berkelanjutan, ubi kayu, berpikir sistem, diagram lingkar sebabakibat, system archetype.

 

ABSTRACT: Sustainable Bioethanol Production System Model.

Development of bioethanol production systems in Indonesia were faced with limited capital, low productivity of raw material, discontinuity of raw material, and bioethanol waste that potentially affecting the environment, and obscurity bioefuel trade system.The purposes of this study were to analyze the pattern of activity of bioethanol production systems and create a model of sustainable bioethanol production systems at PT. X which is the only one bioethanol industry in North Lampung District of Lampung Province. The modelling method used is systems thinking approach. Modeling using systems thinking was analyzed through identifying problems/ situations, key variables, behavior over time, causal loop diagram (CLD), archetype system, leverage points, and developing intervention strategies. Structure and behavior model indentifying were conducted in two sub-models supply of raw materials by cassava farmer of North Lampung District and processing of bioethanol by PT. X. The analysis system showed that the production of bioethanol PT. X were faced with the difficulty in obtaining cassava due to productivity decreased. Fertilizers has been used to increase productivity but in a period of time this activity leads to productivity decreased and potentially acidify the soil due to unbalance fertilization. The results showed that there were four intervention strategies developed to achieve sustainable bioethanol production system model. First, there is a need to improve the quality of intensification through sustainable land management technologies which integrated liming and fertilizer utilization of sludge. Second, the need of industrial partnerships and establisment of cassava farmers association using sub terminal agribusiness partnership development. Third, the need to increase farmers' awareness and concern through improving quality knowledge and participation within the plan of sludge fertilizer application. Fourth, the need of farmers introduction and government oversight implementation in sustainable agriculture incentive policies.

Keywords: model, production system, bioethanol, sustainable, cassava, systems thinking, causal loop diagram, system archetype


Keywords


lingkungan, pertanian

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jrets.v1i1.981

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