Model Analisis Risko Dan Ketidakpastian Prediksi Arus Lalu Lintas
Abstract
ABSTRAK
Risiko dan ketidakpastian adalah salah satu dari berbagai permasalahan yang menjadi perhatian dalam perencanaan transportasi. Ketidakakuratan dalam memprediksi permintaan pergerakan (travel demand) merupakan gambaran suatu bentuk risiko di dalam perencanaan proyek infrastruktur transportasi. Pengalaman internasional mengisyaratkan bahwa simpangan pada prediksi tersebut sangat berpengaruh pada proyek-proyek infrastruktur jalan dan dampak risikonya, yang selama ini sering diabaikan.
Ada beberapa alasan yang menjadi sumber ketidakakuratan dalam memprediksi volume arus lalu lintas, diantaranya adalah terjadi force majeur (resesi ekonomi atau bencana alam) yang tidak terduga sebelumnya, sekenario tata guna lahan pada masa yang akan datang tidak pernah terealisasikan, kecendrungan sangat optimis bagi perencana yang berorientasi keuntungan (cost recovery), kesalahan dalam menetapkan besarnya tarif terhadap kesediaan membayar (willingness to pay) dari pengguna jalan tol, serta adanya persaingan antar rute dan moda transportasi. Selain itu juga adanya keterbatasan dalam memilih model yang tepat (poor models) bisa menjadi alasan utama penyebab ketidakakurasian dalam memprediksi volume arus lalu lintas.
Naskah ini dimaksudkan untuk memberikan suatu gambaran terhadap model simulasi stokastik analisis ketidakpastian (uncertainty) dan risiko (risk) secara kuantitatif yang digunakan pada perencanaan transportasi menggunakan model empat tahap (four steps model) di dalam memprediksi volume lalu lintas (traffic forecasts) dari suatu investasi proyek infrastruktur jalan. Parameter statistik yang dihasilkan dari hasil model tersebut diharapkan dapat membantu pemerintah dan para investor dalam pengambilan keputusan guna menilai kelayakan investasi proyek-proyek infrastruktur transportasi khsusunya infrastruktur jalan secara ilmiah dan sistematis.
Kata Kunci: Analisis Ketidakpastian, Prediksi Permintaan Pergerakan, Risiko
ABSTRACT
Traffic flow prediction risk and uncertainty analysis model. Risk and uncertainty are among the many issues of concern in transportation planning. Inaccuracies in predicting travel demand represent a form of risk in planning transportation infrastructure projects. International experience suggests that deviations in these predictions significantly impact road infrastructure projects and their risk impacts, which are often overlooked.
There are several reasons for inaccuracies in forecasting traffic flows, including unforeseen force majeure (economic recession or natural disaster), future land use scenarios that never materialise, the tendency of profit-oriented planners to be very optimistic (cost recovery), errors in setting tariffs against the willingness of toll road users to pay, and competition between routes and modes of transport. In addition, limitations in choosing the right model (poor models) can be the main reason for inaccuracy in forecasting traffic flows.
This paper is intended to provide an overview of a stochastic simulation model for quantitative uncertainty and risk analysis used in transport planning using the four-step model in predicting traffic forecasts for road infrastructure investment projects. The statistical parameters generated from the model results are expected to help the government and investors make decisions to scientifically and systematically assess the feasibility of investing in transport infrastructure projects, especially road infrastructure.
Keywords: Uncertainty Analysis, Travel Demand Prediction, Traffic Risk
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jrets.v8i2.16581
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