PENGARUH VARIASI UKURAN AGREGAT KASAR BATU PECAH TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK BETON POROUS

Abstract

ABSTRAK 

Beton berpori (pervious concrete) merupakan jenis beton yang memiliki porositas tinggi sehingga memungkinkan air melewati struktur internalnya. Beton ini banyak digunakan pada perkerasan ramah lingkungan seperti jalur pejalan kaki, area parkir, dan sistem drainase berkelanjutan karena mampu mengurangi limpasan permukaan serta meningkatkan infiltrasi tanah. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pengaruh variasi ukuran agregat kasar (batu pecah) terhadap kuat tekan, penyerapan air (absorpsi), dan laju aliran air beton berpori menggunakan alat falling head permeameter, serta menentukan ukuran agregat yang menghasilkan karakteristik terbaik. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimental di laboratorium dengan tiga variasi ukuran agregat kasar, yaitu 5–10 mm, 10–20 mm, dan campuran 5–20 mm. Setiap variasi terdiri atas 15 benda uji, sehingga total benda uji yang digunakan sebanyak 45 sampel. Benda uji yang digunakan berupa silinder berukuran 15 x 30 cm untuk pengujian kuat tekan, silinder berukuran 9,5 x 15 cm untuk pengujian laju aliran air, serta kubus berukuran 5 x 5 cm untuk pengujian absorpsi. Seluruh pengujian dilakukan pada umur beton 28 hari dengan komposisi campuran yang terdiri dari semen, air, dan agregat kasar tanpa menggunakan agregat halus. Penentuan variasi optimum dilakukan menggunakan indeks kinerja berbobot yang mempertimbangkan kuat tekan, absorpsi, dan laju aliran air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ukuran agregat memberikan pengaruh terhadap karakteristik beton berpori. Kuat tekan tertinggi diperoleh pada agregat 5–10 mm sebesar 10,012 MPa, sedangkan nilai absorpsi dan laju aliran air tertinggi diperoleh pada agregat 10–20 mm, masing-masing sebesar 27,254% dan 8,96 ml/detik. Berdasarkan evaluasi kinerja evaluasi berbobot, variasi agregat 5-10 mm ditetapkan sebagai variasi optimum karena memberikan keseimbangan kinerja terbaik berdasarkan parameter yang ditinjau. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemilihan ukuran agregat kasar merupakan faktor penting dalam menghasilkan beton berpori yang sesuai untuk kebutuhan perkerasan dan drainase berkelanjutan.

Kata kunci: beton berpori, batu pecah, kuat tekan, absorpsi, laju aliran air.

ABSTRACT 

The Effect of Varying Crushed Coarse Aggregate Sizes on the Characteristics of Pervious Concrete. Pervious concrete is a type of concrete characterized by high porosity, allowing water to pass through its internal structure. It is widely used in eco friendly pavement applications such as pedestrian walkways, parking areas, and sustainable drainage systems due to its ability to reduce surface runoff and enhance soil infiltration. This study aims to analyze the effect of varying coarse aggregate (crushed stone) sizes on the compressive strength, water absorption, and water flow rate of pervious concrete using a falling-head permeameter and to determine the aggregate size that yields the optimal characteristics. An experimental laboratory method was employed, utilizing three coarse aggregate size variations: 5–10 mm, 10–20 mm, and a 5–20 mm blend. Each variation comprised 15 specimens, resulting in a total of 45 samples. The specimens consisted of 15 x 30 cm cylinders for compressive strength testing, 9.5 x 15 cm cylinders for water flow rate testing, and 5 x 5 cm cubes for absorption testing. All tests were conducted at a concrete age of 28 days, using a mix composition of cement, water, and coarse aggregate, without the inclusion of fine aggregate. The optimal variation was determined using a weighted performance index that considered compressive strength, absorption, and water flow rate. The results indicate that aggregate size influences the characteristics of pervious concrete. The highest compressive strength (10.012 MPa) was achieved with the 5–10 mm aggregate, while the highest absorption (27.254%) and water flow rate (8.96 ml/s) were observed with the 10–20 mm aggregate. Based on the weighted performance evaluation, the 5–10 mm aggregate variation was identified as the optimum, as it provided the best balance of performance across the parameters examined. The study concludes that the selection of coarse aggregate size is a critical factor in producing pervious concrete suitable for pavement and sustainable drainage requirements.

Keywords: pervious concrete, coarse aggregate, compressive strength, water absorption, water flow rate