Analisis Perbedaan Tekanan Darah Berdasarkan Tingkat Kepatuhan Minum Obat pada Kelompok Geriatri Penderita Hipertensi

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ABSTRACT

Hypertension is the most common disease in the geriatric group. Various data shows that hypertension sufferers' awareness of taking medication is still not optimal. Non-compliance with taking antihypertensive medication can result in the patient's blood pressure not being controlled. This study aims to determine whether there are differences in blood pressure based on the level of adherence to taking medication in the geriatric group with hypertension. The type of research used in this research is quantitative with an observational analytical research design and a cross sectional approach. The population of this study were all hypertension sufferers at the Amanah Elderly Posyandu, Dwi Karya Mustika Village, East Mesuji District, Lampung Province, totaling 82 people. The research sampling method used was purposive sampling with a proportionate number, so that a sample of 20 people in the group who adhered to taking medication and 20 people in the group who did not comply with taking medication were obtained. Blood pressure data was obtained through direct measurement, while medication adherence data was obtained through interviews using the MMAS (Modified Morisky Adherence Scale) questionnaire. Analysis of differences between research variables was carried out using the Mann-Whitney test. The results of this study showed that the mean systolic blood pressure of the geriatric group of hypertension sufferers who did not adhere to taking medication (155.5 mmHg) was higher than the mean of the group who adhered to taking medication (139.8 mmHg). Apart from that, it was also found that the mean diastolic blood pressure in the group of geriatrics with hypertension who did not adhere to taking medication (89.3 mmHg) was higher than the mean in the group who adhered to taking medication (83.5 mmHg). Bivariate analysis showed that there was a significant difference between blood pressures. systole of the geriatric group of hypertension sufferers who were compliant with taking medication, and those who were not compliant with taking medication (p value <0.05). Likewise, there was a significant difference between the diastolic blood pressure of the geriatric group of hypertensive sufferers who adhered to taking medication, and those who did not adhere to taking medication (p value <0.05).

Keywords: Hypertension, Medication Compliance, Geriatrics

ABSTRAK

Hipertensi adalah penyakit terbanyak pada kelompok geriatri. Berbagai data menunjukkan bahwa kesadaran penderita hipertensi untuk minum obat masih belum optimal. Ketidakpatuhan dalam mengkonsumsi obat antihipertensi dapat berakibat pada tidak terkontrolnya tekanan darah penderita. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui adanya perbedaan tekanan darah berdasarkan tingkat kepatuhan minum obat pada kelompok geriatri penderita hipertensi. Jenis penelitian yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian analitik observasional dan pendekatan cross sectional. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh penderita hipertensi di Posyandu Lansia Amanah, Desa Dwi Karya Mustika, Kecamatan Mesuji Timur, Provinsi Lampung, berjumlah sebanyak 82 orang. Cara   pengambilan    sampel penelitian yang digunakan  adalah purposive sampling dengan jumlah proportionate, sehingga didapatkan sampel kelompok patuh minum obat sebanyak 20 orang dan kelompok tidak patuh minum obat sebanyak 20 orang. Data tekanan darah didapatkan melalui pengukuran langsung, sedangkan data kepatuhan minum obat didapatkan melalui wawancara dengan menggunakan kuesioner MMAS (Modified Morisky Adherence Scale). Analisis perbedaan antar variabel penelitian dilakukan dengan uji Mann-Whitney.  Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan rerata tekanan darah sistole kelompok geriatri penderita hipertensi yang tidak patuh minum obat (155,5 mmHg) lebih tinggi dibandingkan rerata kelompok yang patuh minum obat (139,8 mmHg). Selain itu, didapatkan juga bahwa rerata tekanan darah diastole kelompok geriatri penderita hipertensi yang tidak patuh minum obat (89,3 mmHg) lebih tinggi dibandingkan rerata kelompok yang patuh minum obat (83,5 mmHg).Analisis bivariat menunjukkan adanya perbedaan bermakna antara tekanan darah sistole kelompok geriatri penderita hipertensi yang patuh minum obat, dengan yang tidak patuh minum obat (p value <0,05). Demikian juga terdapat perbedaan bermakna antara tekanan darah diastole kelompok geriatri penderita hipertensi yang patuh minum obat, dengan yang tidak patuh minum obat (p value <0,05).

Kata Kunci: Hipertensi, Kepatuhan Minum Obat, Geriatri