Analisis Implementasi Kebijakan Swasembada Gizi dalam Upaya Pencegahan dan Penanggulangan Stunting di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan

Anita Anita, Aprina Aprina, Sudarmi Sudarmi, Anggun Rusyantia, Pranajaya Pranajaya, Titi Astuti

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

South Lampung Regent's Instruction Number 2 of 2020 through the Gerakan Swasembada Gizi as an effort to reduce stunting in 2018-2021 which must be implemented in all areas of South Lampung Regency. The aim of this research is to analyze the implementation of the Gerakan Swasembada Gizi Policy in efforts to prevent and overcome stunting in the South Lampung district. This was a qualitative descriptive study with a research instrument using a semi-structured interview guide. Data analysis was conducted using a deductive coding approach based on Grindle's theory, namely, policy content and context. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight regional apparatus organization (OPD) participants as key informants. Method triangulation was carried out by conducting Focus Group Discussions (FGD) in three policy-implementing groups at the community health center and sub-district levels with a total of 15 participants, and also an in-depth interview with seven village midwives, posyandu cadres, and parents with children at risk of stunting. The results show that all OPDs have the same understanding of the implementation of the Gerakan Swasembada Gizi policy. Technical instructions for implementing policies at the district level have been prepared well through a good practice book on efforts to accelerate stunting reduction. Obstacles that still arise are the absence of integrated program SOPs to increase a uniform understanding of the main duties and functions, no integration of integrated data from 64 stunting indicators spread across various OPDs, and rejection and perception of stigma among parents with children at risk of stunting, which causes decreased access to health services. Policy recommendations are provided regarding the need for integrated stunting data management, the need to create SOPs related to the integrated Gerakan Swasembada Gizi program, optimizing regional apparatus and cadres in implementing the Gerakan Swasembada Gizi, and optimizing behavior change campaigns.

 

Keywords: Policy, Gerakan Swasembada Gizi, Prevention, Stunting

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Instruksi Bupati Lampung Selatan Nomor 2 Tahun 2020 melalui Gerakan Swasembada Gizi sebagai upaya penurunan stunting tahun 2018-2021 yang wajib dilaksanakan di seluruh wilayah Kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis implementasi kebijakan Swasembada Gizi dalam upaya pencegahan dan penanggulangan stunting di kabupaten Lampung Selatan. Penelitian ini adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan instrumen penelitian menggunakan panduan wawancara semi-struktur. Analisis data dengan pendekatan koding secara deduktif berdasarkan teori Grindle yaitu isi dan konteks kebijakan. Wawancara mendalam dilakukan pada 8 partisipan Organisasi Perangkat Daerah (OPD) sebagai informan kunci. Triangulasi metode dilakukan dengan melakukan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) pada tiga kelompok pelaksana kebijakan di tingkat puskesmas dan kecamatan dengan total 15 partisipan, serta wawancara mendalam pada 7 orang perwakilan bidan desa, kader posyandu dan penerima manfaat. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh OPD sudah memiliki pemahaman yang sama mengenai pelaksanaan kebijakan swasembada gizi. Petunjuk teknis pelaksanaan kebijakan di tingkat Kabupaten telah disusun dengan sangat baik melalui buku praktik baik upaya percepatan penurunan stunting. Kendala yang masih muncul adalah belum adanya SOP program terintegrasi untuk dapat meningkatkan pemahaman yang seragam terkait tupoksi; belum adanya integrasi data terpadu dari 64 indikator stunting yang tersebar di berbagai OPD; serta masih ada penolakan dan persepsi stigma pada orangtua dengan anak beresiko stunting yang menyebabkan menurunnya akses ke pelayanan kesehatan. Rekomendasi kebijakan diberikan terkait perlu adanya manajemen data stunting yang terintegrasi, perlu dibuatnya SOP terkait program terpadu Swasembada Gizi, mengoptimalkan perangkat daerah beserta kader dalam pelaksanaan gerakan Swasembada Gizi serta mengoptimalkan kampanye perubahan perilaku.

 

Kata Kunci: Kebijakan, Swasembada Gizi, Pecegahan, Penanggulangan, Stunting


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i3.13979

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