Pencegahan Kekambuhan Asma dan Pengelolaan Cushing Syndrome: Studi Kasus

Salsabila Fiqrotu Tsauroh, Titis Kurniawan, Eka Afrima Sari

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Iatrogenic cushing syndrome is a complication for asthma patients due to long-term use of steroid drugs. This risk is increasingly higher as the recurrence rate in increases asthma patients (poor asthma control). Asthma management has been shown to be effective in reducing asthma recurrence, there’s limited literature how to manage asthma in patients with cushing’s syndrome. This study aims to explain how to implement management and prevention of asthma recurrence in cushing syndrome patients undergoing treatment at one of regional general hospitals in the West Java. This case study uses a descriptive design described narratively. A woman (56) was admitted to the adult internal medicine room with weakness, breathlessness and itching. The face looks round (moonface), there’s fat on the shoulder (buffalo hump), lines (striae) appear on abdomen. Patients has history of asthma since kid. Family said patient had been taking corticosteroid medication for± 10 years. Patient claimed unaware about managing asthma. Asthma Control Test score before intervention was given 11 (not controlled). During treatment, patient and their families receive nursing intervention, pharmacology therapy, education and discussion about asthma management and how to prevent asthma recurrence that can reduce of using corticosteroid. At the end of intervention, patient and their family expressed better knowledge about asthma management. Symptoms of weakness, breathlessness, and itching had subsided by the end of treatment period. Patient had started asthma management after being discharged from hospital, but the smoke-free home had not been implemented optimally so patient relapsed once on the fourth day of discharged from hospital. Asthma management education is an effective strategy in prevention and management of cushing syndrome in asthma patients, however management will not be optimal without family support and those closest to them. Education provided during treatment needs to be followed up during the post-treatment period through regular follow up to ensure that programmed treatment can run as it should

 

Keywords: Asthma, Asthma Management, Case Study, Cushing Syndrome

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Iatrogenic cushing syndrome adalah salah satu komplikasi bagi pasien asma akibat penggunaan obat steroid jangka panjang. Resiko ini semakin tinggi seiring tingginya angka kekambuhan pasien asma (asma kontrol buruk). Manajemen asma telah terbukti efektif dalam mengurangi kekambuhan asma, sedikit literatur mendiskusikan bagaimana manajemen asma pada pasien dengan cushing syndrome. Case study ini bertujuan untuk memaparkan bagaimana implementasi pengelolaan dan pencegahan kekambuhan asma pada pasien cushing syndrome yang menjalani perawatan di salah satu rumah sakit umum daerah di wilayah Jawa Barat. Studi kasus ini menggunakan desain deskriptif dan diuraikan secara naratif. Seorang perempuan (56 thn) dirawat di ruang penyakit dalam dewasa dengan keluhan lemas, sesak, dan gatal. Wajah tampak bulat (moonface), pada daerah bahu terdapat penumpukan lemak (buffalo hump), tampak guratan garis (striae) pada abdomen. Pasien memiliki riwayat asma sejak kecil. Keluarga mengatakan bahwa pasien mengkonsumsi obat kortikosteroid ketika asma kambuh selama ± 10 tahun. Pasien mengatakan belum mengetahui terkait mengelola asma yang baik agar tidak kambuh. Skor Asthma Control Test sebelum diberikan intervensi adalah 11 (tidak terkontrol). Selama dirawat pasien dan keluarga diberikan intevernsi keperawatan, terapi farmakologi dan menerima edukasi dan diskusi mengenai manajemen asma yang baik dan cara pencegahan kekambuhan asma sehingga dapat mengurangi penggunaan obat kortikosteroid. Diakhir masa perawatan, pasien dan keluarga menyatakan paham mengenai manajemen asma. Keluhan lemas sudah tidak ada, sesak dan gatal berkurang. Setelah pulang dari rumah sakit, keluarga mengatakan telah mengurangi faktor pencetus kekambuhan asma pada pasien, namun rumah bebas asap rokok belum dilakukan secara maksimal oleh keluarga sehingga pasien kambuh satu kali di hari keempat pulang rawat. Edukasi manajemen asma merupakan strategi yang efektif dalam pencegahan dan pengelolaan cushing syndrome pada pasien asma, namun meski dimikian pengelolaan tidak akan maksimal tanpa dukungan keluarga dan orang terdekat. Edukasi yang diberikan selama dirawat perlu untuk ditindak lanjuti selama masa pasca rawat melalui follow up secara berkala untuk menjamin perawatan yang diprogramkan dapat berjalan sebagaimana mestinya.

 

Kata Kunci: Asma, Cushing Syndrome, Manajemen Asma, Studi Kasus


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i3.14076

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