Panduan Penulisan
Gambaran Masalah Psikososial pada Anak Usia Sekolah dengan Kanker di Yayasan Rumah Pejuang Kanker Ambu
Sari
ABSTRACT
Cancer and its treatment affect physical, cognitive, psychological and social functioning. Psychosocial problems in school-aged children with cancer can have a negative impact on psychosocial development and increase the risk of depression, social isolation and academic difficulties. This study aims to describe psychosocial problems in school-aged children with cancer at Yayasan Rumah Pejuang Kanker Ambu. This research uses a quantitative descriptive research design. The population in this study were 41 parents who had school-aged children with cancer at the Ambu Cancer Fighters Home Foundation based on visit data from the last three months. The sampling technique uses total sampling so that the number of samples is the same as the population of 41 people. The research instrument used the standard Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 questionnaire by Jellinek with the dimensions of internalization, externalization, and attention. Data analyzed using frequency distribution and percentages. The research results showed that the majority (56.1%) of children had psychosocial problems. Based on the dimensions of psychosocial problems, the majority (53.7%) of children had internal problems and a minority (7.3%) of children had external and attention problems. It can be concluded that school-aged children with cancer have average psychosocial functioning with a tendency to had psychosocial problems. Therefore, nurses play a role in minimizing the impact of cancer by follow up the children who had psychosocial problems and providing care interventions according to the internal, external, or attentional dimensions that indicate problems.
Keywords: School Age Children, Psychosocial Problems, Cancer
ABSTRAK
Kanker dan pengobatannya berpengaruh terhadap fungsi fisik, kognitif, psikologis, dan sosial. Masalah psikososial pada anak usia sekolah dengan kanker dapat berdampak negatif terhadap perkembangan psikososial dan meningkatkan resiko terjadinya depresi, isolasi sosial dan kesulitan akademis. Penelitian ini bertujuan menggambarkan masalah psikososial pada anak usia sekolah dengan kanker di Yayasan Rumah Pejuang Kanker Ambu. Penelitian ini menggunakan rancangan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Populasi pada penelitian ini adalah 41 orang tua yang memiliki anak usia sekolah dengan kanker di Yayasan Rumah Pejuang Kanker Ambu berdasarkan data kunjungan tiga bulan terakhir. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan total sampling sehingga jumlah sampel sama dengan jumlah populasi yaitu 41 orang. Instrumen penelitian menggunakan kuesioner baku Pediatric Symptoms Checklist-17 oleh Jellinek dengan dimensi internalisasi, eksternalisasi, dan perhatian. Data dianalisis menggunakan distribusi frekuensi dan persentase. Hasil penelitian didapatkan bahwa sebagian besar (56,1%) anak mengalami masalah psikososial. Berdasarkan dimensi masalah psikososial, sebagian besar (53,7%) anak mengalami masalah internal dan sebagian kecil (7,3%) anak mengalami masalah eksternal dan perhatian. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa anak usia sekolah dengan kanker memiliki fungsi psikososial rata-rata dengan kecenderungan mengalami masalah psikososial. Oleh karena itu, perawat berperan dalam meminimalkan dampak dari kanker dengan menindaklanjuti anak yang mengalami masalah psikososial dan memberikan intervensi keperawatan sesuai dimensi internal, eksternal, atau perhatian yang terindikasi mengalami masalah.
Kata Kunci: Masalah Psikososial, Kanker, Anak Usia Sekolah
Teks Lengkap:
Download ArtikelReferensi
American Cancer Society. (2020). Psychosocial Support Options for People with Cancer. 1–6.
Anggraeni, L. D., & Lusiana, D. (2022). Psychological Overview of Children with Cancer: Systematic Review. Malaysian Journal of Nursing, 13(4), 70–80. https://doi.org/10.31674/mjn.2022.v13i04.011
Aulia, S. P., Deli, H., & Dewi, W. N. (2019). Pengetahuan Keluarga Yang Memiliki Anak Dengan Penyakit Kanker. Jendela Nursing Journal, 3(2), 93–99.
Barakat, L. P., Galtieri, L. R., Szalda, D., & Schwartz, L. A. (2016). Assessing the psychosocial needs and program preferences of adolescents and young adults with cancer. Supportive Care in Cancer, 24(2), 823–832. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-015-2849-8
Brand, S., Wolfe, J., & Samsel, C. (2017). The Impact of Cancer and its Treatment on the Growth and Development of the Pediatric Patient. Current Pediatric Reviews, 13(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.2174/1573396313666161116094916
Brueckmann, M., Teuber, Z., Hollmann, J., & Wild, E. (2023). What if parental love is conditional? Children’s self-esteem profiles and their relationship with parental conditional regard and self-kindness. BMC Psychology, 11(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-023-01380-3
Cox, L. E., Kenney, A. E., Harman, J. L., Jurbergs, N., Molnar, A. E., & Willard, V. W. (2019). Psychosocial Functioning of Young Children Treated for Cancer: Findings From a Clinical Sample. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 36(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043454218813905
Erikson, E. H. (1989). Identitas dan Siklus Hidup manusia. In Agus Cremers (Ed.), Gramedia (p. 109). Gramedia.
Hayati, H., & Wanda, D. (2016). “Ketinggalan Pelajaran”: Pengalaman Anak Usia Sekolah Menjalani Kemoterapi. Jurnal Keperawatan Indonesia, 19(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.7454/jki.v19i1.434
Ho, L. L. K., Li, W. H. C., Cheung, A. T., Ho, E. K. Y., Lam, K. K. W., Chiu, S. Y., Chan, G. C. F., & Chung, J. O. K. (2021). Relationships among hope, psychological well-being and health-related quality of life in childhood cancer survivors. Journal of Health Psychology, 26(10), 1528–1537. https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105319882742
Ihnawah, N. A., & Herawati, E. (2017). Hubungan Pola Asuh dengan Masalah Psikososial pada Anak di SD Negeri Pajang 1 Surakarta.
Kazak, A. E., Didonato, S., Schneider, S. J., & Pai, A. L. H. (2016). Pediatric Psychosocial Oncology: Textbook for Multidisciplinary Care. Pediatric Psychosocial Oncology: Textbook for Multidisciplinary Care, 51–65. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21374-3
Kemenkes. (2018). Inilah 6 Jenis Kanker yang Rentan Terjadi pada Anak. Ditjen Pencegahan Dan Pengendalian Penyakit.
Liptak, C. C., Chow, C., Zhou, E. S., & Recklitis, C. J. (2016). Psychosocial Care for Pediatric Cancer Survivors. Pediatric Psychosocial Oncology: Textbook for Multidisciplinary Care, 265–289. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-21374-3_15
Lufianti, A., Anggraeni, L. D., Saputra, Fredy, M. K., Susilaningsih, Zulaicha, E., Elvira, M., Fatsena, R. A., Dewi, D. S., Sensussiana, T., & Novariza, R. (2022). Ilmu Dasar Keperawatan Anak.
Marhaeni, P. A., Susilowati, Y., & Septimar, Z. M. (2020). Pengaruh Tingkat Pendidikan dan Peran Orang Tua dalam Menurukan Stressor Hospitalisasi pada Pasien Anak di RS Mayapada Tangerang Tahun 2020.
Mayor, S. (2017). WHO priority list of medical devices for cancer management. In The Lancet. Oncology (Vol. 18, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(17)30407-2
Murphy, J. M., Stepanian, S., Riobueno-Naylor, A., Holcomb, J. M., Haile, H., Dutta, A., Giuliano, C. P., Bernstein, S. C., Joseph, B., Shui, A. M., & Jellinek, M. S. (2021). Implementation of an Electronic Approach to Psychosocial Screening in a Network of Pediatric Practices. Academic Pediatrics, 21(4), 702–709. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.acap.2020.11.027
Nadya, S., Deli, H., & Utomo, W. (2021). Masalah Psikososial Anak dengan Penyakit Kanker Selama Pandemi COVID-19. Jendela Nursing Journal, 5(2), 83–91. https://doi.org/10.31983/jnj.v5i2.7582
Nasution, E. S. (2021). Penerimaan Diri Pada Anak dengan Leukemia Myeloblastik Akut. Psikologi Pendidikan Dan Pengembangan SDM, 10(1), 22–35.
National Cancer Institute. (2021). What is cancer? Cancer.Gov. https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/understanding/what-is-cancer
Nurhidayah, I., Hendrawati, S., & Sutini, T. (2018). Pemberdayaan Social Support Group dalam Adaptasi Normalisasi pada Orang Tua dengan Anak Kanker di Kota Bandung. 7(2), 126–133.
Pan, I. W., Smith, B. D., & Shih, Y. C. T. (2014). Factors contributing to underuse of radiation among younger women with breast cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 106(1), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1093/jnci/djt340
Pendergrass, J. C., Targum, S. D., & Harrison, J. E. (2017). Cognitive impairment associated with cannabis use. La Revue Du Praticien (Paris), 63(10), 1428–1429.
Pop, F., Postolica, R., Lupau, C., & Dégi, C. L. (2016). Clinical Practice Guide in Psycho-Oncology: an Interdisciplinary Journal an Interdisciplinary Journal. Cognition, Brain, Behavior, 20(4), 283–308.
Potts, N. L., & Mandleco, B. L. (2012). Pediatric Nursing: Caring for Children and Their Families. Cengage Learning, 308.
Putri, P. A., Utami, K. C., & Juniartha, I. G. N. (2020). Gambaran Tingkat Kecemasan Pada Anak Kanker Yayasan Peduli Kanker Anak Bali. Coping : Community of Publishing in Nursing, 8(3), 243–250.
Rachmah, H., Dewi, M. L., Lasmanah, Tazkia, A. H., Fahrezi, M. L., & Dewi, S. M. (2023). Superflex Learning to Improve the Social Skills of Children with Cancer at the “Rumah Pejuang Kanker Ambu (RPKA).” Proceedings of the Fifth Sriwijaya University Learning and Education International Conference (SULE-IC 2022), 300–307. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-010-7_32
Ridha, R., Mardhiyah, A., & Hidayati, N. O. (2017). Dampak kemoterapi pada anak penderita kanker di rumah cinta bandung. Jurnal Keperawatan Aisyiyah, 4(6), Hal 33-39.
Riskesdas. (2019). Penyakit Kanker di Indonesia Berada Pada Urutan 8 di Asia Tenggara dan Urutan 23 di Asia. https://p2p.kemkes.go.id/penyakit-kanker-di-indonesia-berada-pada-urutan-8-di-asia-tenggara-dan-urutan-23-di-asia/
Sengul, Z., & Toruner, E. (2020). Intervention Protocol: Technology-Based Psychosocial Motivation for Children with Cancer and Their Parents: A Randomized Trial. Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing, 7(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.4103/apjon.apjon_25_19
Setyowati, Y. D., Krisnatuti, D., & Hastuti, D. (2017). Pengaruh Kesiapan Menjadi Orang Tua dan Pola Asuh Psikososial Terhadap Perkembangan Sosial Anak. Jurnal Ilmu Keluarga Dan Konsumen, 10(2), 95–106. https://doi.org/10.24156/jikk.2017.10.2.95
Soetjiningsih. (2014). Tumbuh Kembang Anak. Penerbit Buku Kedokteran.
Tebbi, C. K. (2021). Etiology of acute leukemia: A review. Cancers, 13(9), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13092256
Thompson, A. L., Christiansen, H. L., Elam, M., Hoag, J., Irwin, M. K., Pao, M., Voll, M., B, R., & Kelly, K. P. (2015). Academic Continuity and School Reentry Support as a Standard of Care inPediatric Oncology. Pediatric Blood & Cancer, February, S805–S817. https://doi.org/10.1002/pbc
Tippy, M. (2016). Psychosocial Aspects of Cancer for Children and Their Families. In Lanzkowsky’s Manual of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology. Elsevier Inc. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801368-7.00035-1
Utami, A., Chodidjah, S., & Waluyanti, F. T. (2020). Aggravate Fatigue in Children Undergoing Chemotherapy. 6(5), 1–6.
Uwayezu, M. G., Nikuze, B., Maree, J. E., Buswell, L., & Fitch, M. I. (2022). Competencies for Nurses Regarding Psychosocial Care of Patients With Cancer in Africa: An Imperative for Action. JCO Global Oncology, 8, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1200/go.21.00240
Wiemels, J. (2012). Perspectives on the causes of childhood leukemia. Chemico-Biological Interactions, 196(3), 59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbi.2012.01.007
Willard, V. W., Cox, L. E., Russell, K. M., Kenney, A., Jurbergs, N., Molnar, A. E., & Harman, J. L. (2017). Cognitive and Psychosocial Functioning of Preschool-Aged Children with Cancer. Journal of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, 38(8), 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1097/DBP.0000000000000512
Williams, L. A., Sample, J., McLaughlin, C. C., Mueller, B. A., Chow, E. J., Carozza, S. E., Reynolds, P., & Spector, L. G. (2021). Sex differences in associations between birth characteristics and childhood cancers: a five-state registry-linkage study. Cancer Causes and Control, 32(11), 1289–1298. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-021-01479-1
World Health Organization. (2021). Framework: WHO Global Initiative for Childhood Cancer. In CureAll framework: WHO global initiative for childhood cancer: increasing access, advancing quality, saving lives. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/347370
Zaini, M. (2019). Asuhan Keperawatan Jiwa Masalah Psikososial Di Pelayanan Klinis Dan Komunitas (1st ed.). Deepublish.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v4i5.14462
Refbacks
- Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.
Publisher: Universitas Malahayati Lampung
Semua artikel dapat digunakan dibawah lisensi Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License
kostenlose besucherzähler