Literature Review: Obesitas dan Tingkat Fertilitas pada Pria dan Wanita

Muhammad Farid Akbar

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Obesity is a metabolic disorder caused by abnormal and excessive fat accumulation in the body. According to the latest guidelines from the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), Body Mass Index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 is classified as overweight, BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2 as obesity, and BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 as severe obesity. The lack of balance between daily energy intake and expenditure leads to excess weight gain. Various genetic, social, and cultural factors contribute to obesity. Several genes are responsible for increasing body weight and adiposity. Reduced physical activity, endocrine system disorders, insomnia, medications, excessive intake of foods high in sugar and carbohydrates, and reduced energy metabolism also result in obesity. Obesity can cause infertility in both men and women. Both men and women suffer from reproductive system complications due to obesity. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of obesity on fertility rates in both men and women. The method applied is a literature study by utilizing the Google Scholar database in the last 5 years of publication, namely from 2019 to 2024. The results obtained that both men and women who are obese show real fertility disorders from changes in body chemicals that cause abnormalities in the spermatogenesis and oogenesis processes so that they will produce poor ovum and sperm quality. Conclusion There is a negative effect of obesity on fertility, but this condition can still be improved through lifestyle changes, surgery, and therapy.

 

Keywords: Obesity, Fertility, Men, Women

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Obesitas ialah gangguan metabolik akibat penumpukan lemak yang tidak normal dan berlebihan dalam tubuh. Menurut pedoman terkini dari Pusat Pengendalian dan Pencegahan Penyakit AS (CDC) dan Organisasi Kesehatan Dunia (WHO), Indeks Massa Tubuh (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m2 diklasifikasikan sebagai kelebihan berat badan, BMI ≥ 30 kg /m2 sebagai obesitas, dan BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 sebagai obesitas berat. Kurangnya keseimbangan antara asupan dan pengeluaran energi harian menyebabkan penambahan berat badan berlebih. Berbagai faktor genetik, sosial, dan budaya berkontribusi terhadap obesitas. Beberapa gen bertanggung jawab untuk meningkatkan berat badan dan adipositas. Berkurangnya aktivitas fisik, gangguan sistem endokrin, insomnia, obat-obatan, asupan makanan tinggi gula dan karbohidrat berlebih, serta berkurangnya metabolisme energi juga mengakibatkan terjadinya obesitas. Obesitas dapat menyebabkan kemandulan baik pada pria maupun wanita. Baik pria maupun wanita menderita komplikasi sistem reproduksi akibat obesitas. Tujuan penelitian ini ialah untuk mengetahui efek dari obesitas terhadap tingkat fertilitas baik pada pria dan wanita. Metode yang diterapkan ialah kajian literasi dengan memanfaatkan database Google Scholar pada rentang waktu publikasi 5 tahun terakhir, yakni dari tahun 2019 hingga 2024. Hasil yang diperoleh bahwa baik pada pria dan wanita yang mengalami obesitas menunjukkan gangguan kesuburan yang nyata dari perubahan zat kimia tubuh yang mengakibatkan kelainan pada proses spermatogenesis dan oogenesis sehingga akan menghasilkan kualitas ovum dan sperma yang buruk. Kesimpulan Terdapat pengaruh buruk dari obesitas terhadap fertilitas, namun kondisi tersebut masih dapat diperbaiki melalui perubahan gaya hidup, pembedahan, dan juga terapi.

 

Kata Kunci: Obesitas, Fertilitas, Pria, Wanita.


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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v5i6.18260

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