Hubungan Siklus Menstruasi, Konsumsi Tablet Tambah Darah (TTD), dan Indeks Massa Tubuh (IMT) dengan Kejadian Anemia pada Remaja Putri di SMA N 9 Mataram

Luh Gd. Deviana Widyasari, Ety Retno Setyowati, Halia Wanadiatri, Kadek Pramartha

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ABSTRACT

 

Anemia is a medical condition characterized by low hemoglobin levels in the blood, leading to a reduced ability of red blood cells to transport oxygen throughout the body. Anemia remains a critical global health issue and is ranked as the leading cause of mortality. It is estimated to affect 4–5 billion people, approximately 66–80% of the global population. This study aims to provide a fundamental health overview regarding anemia among female adolescents at SMA N 9 Mataram, emphasizing the importance of menstrual cycle patterns, iron supplement (TTD) intake, and body mass index (BMI) in relation to anemia. This research employs an analytical observational approach with a cross-sectional study design. Data collection utilized questionnaires and digital hemoglobin meters (EasyTouch GCHB) as research instruments. A total of 92 respondents were selected from a population of 501 female students using multistage random sampling, which combined Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling and Simple Random Sampling methods. The results, analyzed using the chi-square test, revealed a significant relationship between irregular menstrual cycles and an increased risk of anemia (p-value = 0.000). Adequate iron supplement intake was significantly associated with a reduced risk of anemia (p-value = 0.004). However, no significant relationship was found between BMI and anemia (p-value = 0.989). This study concludes that irregular menstrual cycles and inadequate iron supplement intake are significantly associated with an increased risk of anemia among female adolescents, while BMI does not show a significant relationship with the occurrence of anemia.

 

Keywords: Anemia, Menstrual Cycle, Body Mass Index, Iron Supplements

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Anemia merupakan suatu kondisi medis yang diakibatkan karena kadar hemoglobin dalam darah yang rendah sehingga terjadi penurunan kemampuan sel darah merah untuk membawa oksigen ke seluruh tubuh. Anemia masih dianggap suatu masalah kesehatan krusial sampai saat ini yang merupakan urutan pertama penyebab kematian. Anemia diperkirakan terjadi pada 4-5 miliyar sekitar 66-80% penduduk dunia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk memberikan gambaran kesehatan mendasar mengenai anemia pada remaja putri di SMA N 9 Mataram agar lebih memperhatikan dari siklus menstruasi, konsumsi TTD, dan indeks massa tubuh (IMT) yang dapat berkaitan dengan anemia. Penelitian ini menerapkan jenis penelitian analitik observasional dengan desain penelitian cross-sectional. Penelitian ini menggunakan kuesioner dan Hb digital (EasyTouch GCHB) sebagai intrumen penelitian. Sampel yang digunakan sebanyak 92 responden, dipilih dari populasi berjumlah 501 siswi menggunakan teknik multistage random sampling yang terdiri dari dua metode yakni Proportionate Stratified Random Sampling dan Simple Random Sampling. Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan uji analisis chi-square menunjukkan bahwa siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko anemia (p-value = 0.000), sementara konsumsi TTD yang terpenuhi berhubungan signifikan dengan penurunan risiko anemia (p-value = 0.004). Namun, tidak ditemukan hubungan signifikan antara IMT dengan kejadian anemia (p-value = 0.989). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa siklus menstruasi yang tidak normal dan konsumsi TTD yang tidak terpenuhi berhubungan signifikan dengan peningkatan risiko anemia pada remaja putri. Sementara itu, IMT tidak menunjukkan hubungan signifikan dengan kejadian anemia.

 

Kata Kunci: Anemia, Siklus Menstruasi, Indeks Massa Tubuh, Tablet Tambah Darah


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v5i8.18946

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