Hubungan Antara Kadar GDP, HBA1C, Insulin Puasa, Obesitas, dan Kondisi Kelemahan Otot terhadap Risiko Infeksi Saluran Kemih pada Kelompok Lanjut Usia

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ABSTRACT

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common disease among the elderly, especially in nursing homes. Knowing the individual risk factors that impact the incidence of UTIs is essential for the development of prevention strategies. This study aims to identify the relationship between fasting blood sugar (FBG), HbA1c, fasting insulin levels, upper arm circumference (MUAC), and calf circumference (CC) on the incidence of UTIs in the elderly group conducted at Bina Bhakti Nursing Home in 2024. A cross-sectional study was conducted using a total sampling method. UTI diagnosis was based on urinalysis findings of positive leukocytes, nitrites, or leukocyte esterase. HbA1c, fasting blood glucose, and insulin levels were measured from venous blood samples and analyzed in a laboratory. MUAC and calf circumference were measured using a measuring tape. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, and regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between numerical variables. The study involved 93 respondents with an average age distribution of 74.19 years (61-97 years) and the majority were female (82.8%). Diagnosis of UTI was based on urine examination with findings of positive leukocytes, positive nitrite, or positive leukocyte esterase. The average HbA1c value of the respondents was 7.59% which was predominantly moderate as many as 52 respondents (55.9%), the average MUAC value was 23.61 cm, and the calf circumference was 28.72 cm. Most respondents had optimal insulin levels (mean 4.83 ng/mL) and normal FBG values (mean 86.54 mg/dL). Regression analysis showed a significant correlation (p<0.05) between age and HbA1c values with the incidence of UTI. However, no significant correlation was found between gender, FBG, fasting insulin levels, MUAC, and calf circumference with the incidence of UTI. The results of this study conclude that increasing age and HbA1c values correlate with an increase in the incidence of UTIs in the elderly. Further research is needed to better understand the causal relationship between these factors and the incidence of UTI in nursing homes.

Keywords: Calf Circumference, Fasting Blood Sugar, HbA1c, Nursing Home, Upper Arm Circumference, Urinary Tract Infection.

ABSTRAK

Infeksi saluran kemih (ISK) merupakan penyakit yang umum terjadi pada kelompok lanjut usia, terutama di lingkungan panti werdha. Mengetahui faktor risiko individu yang berdampak terhadap kejadian ISK sangat penting untuk pengembangan strategi pencegahan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara kadar gula darah puasa (GDP), HbA1c, kadar insulin puasa, lingkar lengan atas (LiLA), serta lingkar betis terhadap kejadian ISK pada kelompok lanjut usia yang dilakukan di Panti Werdha Bina Bhakti pada tahun 2024. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain potong lintang dengan metode pengambilan sampel total. Diagnosa ISK ditegakkan berdasarkan pemeriksaan urin dengan temuan leukosit positif, nitrit positif, atau leukosit esterase positif. Kadar HbA1c, gula darah puasa, dan insulin diukur melalui pengambilan darah vena dan diperiksa di laboratorium. Lingkar lengan atas dan lingkar betis diukur menggunakan pita pengukur. Analisis statistic mencakup penyajian deskriptif dan analisis regresi diterapkan untuk mengevaluasi hubungan antara variabel numerik. Penelitian ini melibatkan 93 responden dengan distribusi usia rata-rata 74,19 tahun (61-97 tahun) dan mayoritas berjenis kelamin perempuan (82,8%). Rata-rata nilai HbA1c responden adalah 7,59% yang didominasi derajat sedang sebanyak 52 responden (55,9%), Rata-rata nilai LiLA sebesar 23,61 cm dan lingkar betis sebesar 28,72 cm. Sebagian besar responden memiliki kadar insulin yang optimal (rata-rata 4,83 ng/mL) dan nilai GDP yang normal (rata-rata 86,54 mg/dL). Analisis regresi menunjukkan adanya korelasi signifikan (P<0,05) antara usia dan nilai HbA1c dengan kejadian ISK. Namun, tidak ditemukan korelasi signifikan antara jenis kelamin, GDP, kadar insulin puasa, LiLA, dan lingkar betis dengan kejadian ISK. Hasil penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa peningkatan usia dan nilai HbA1c berkorelasi dengan peningkatan kejadian ISK pada lansia. Penelitian lanjutan diperlukan untuk memahami lebih dalam hubungan kausal antara faktor-faktor tersebut dengan kejadian ISK di panti werdha.

Kata Kunci: Gula Darah Puasa, HbA1c, Infeksi Saluran Kemih, Lingkar Betis, Lingkar Lengan Atas, Panti Werdha.