Efektivitas Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok di Lingkungan Sekolah terhadap Pencegahan Merokok pada Pelajar di Indonesia: Sebuah Tinjauan Sistematis

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ABSTRAK

Perilaku merokok di kalangan pelajar Indonesia terus meningkat dan menjadi isu kesehatan serius. Sekolah sebagai lingkungan belajar yang seharusnya aman justru sering menjadi titik awal anak-anak mengenal rokok. Kebijakan Kawasan Tanpa Rokok (KTR) di sekolah diharapkan dapat mencegah perilaku merokok sejak dini. Penelitian ini bertujuan meninjau efektivitas kebijakan KTR dalam mencegah merokok pada pelajar melalui systematic review.Artikel yang diterbitkan pada tahun 2019–2025 dalam database Google Scholar, GARUDA, dan Neliti ditinjau secara sistematis. Lima belas artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi, diikut sertakan sebagai sample untuk ditinjau lebih lanjut. Hasil-hasil mengenai efektivitas kebijakan KTR dalam mencegah merokok pada pelajar disintesis secara sistematik. KTR di sekolah mampu meningkatkan kesadaran pelajar terhadap bahaya merokok, menurunkan jumlah pelajar yang merokok, dan membentuk norma sosial anti-rokok. Namun, efektivitasnya masih dipengaruhi oleh faktor seperti pengawasan, dukungan keluarga, serta konteks sosial dan budaya. Ditemukan juga keterbatasan dalam monitoring dan evaluasi kebijakan secara berkelanjutan. Tinjauan ini mengidentifikasi kebijakan KTR terbukti memiliki potensi sebagai intervensi pencegahan primer, namun membutuhkan penguatan implementasi dan keterlibatan semua pihak, termasuk sekolah, pemerintah, dan keluarga.

Kata Kunci: Kawasan Tanpa Rokok, Pelajar, Sekolah, Merokok, Kebijakan Kesehatan, Indonesia.

ABSTRACT

Smoking behavior among Indonesian students continues to rise and has become a serious public health issue. Schools, which are supposed to be safe learning environments, often become the initial setting where children are exposed to cigarettes. The Smoke-Free Area policy in schools is expected to prevent smoking behavior from an early age. This study aims to assess the effectiveness of Smoke-Free Area policies in preventing student smoking behavior through a systematic review. Articles published between 2019 and 2025 from Google Scholar, GARUDA, and Neliti databases were systematically reviewed. Fifteen articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were included for further analysis. Findings on the effectiveness of school-based Smoke-Free Area policies in preventing student smoking were synthesized systematically. School-based Smoke-Free Area policies have been shown to increase students' awareness of the dangers of smoking, reduce the number of student smokers, and help establish anti-smoking social norms. However, their effectiveness is still influenced by factors such as enforcement, family support, and the surrounding socio-cultural context. Limitations were also found in terms of ongoing policy monitoring and evaluation. This review identifies that the Smoke-Free Area policy has significant potential as a primary prevention intervention. However, its success depends on stronger implementation and the involvement of multiple stakeholders, including schools, government bodies, and families.

Keywords: Smoke-Free Area, Students, School, Smoking, Health Policy, Indonesia.