Hubungan Kontrol Glikemik dengan Komplikasi Mikrovaskular pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus: Literature Review

Wenny Anugraini, Yanuar Primanda

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ABSTRACT

 

Diabetes mellitus is a global health problem with a continuously increasing prevalence, significantly contributing to morbidity, mortality, and the economic burden due to chronic complications, particularly microvascular complications. Glycemic control is a key component in diabetes management and is commonly evaluated thru HbA1c and other glycemic parameters. This literature review aims to analyze the relationship between glycemic control and microvascular complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. A literature search was conducted on the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases for English articles from 2020–2025 with cohort and cross sectional study designs. The selection and critical appraisal process using JBI tools resulted seven articles that met the inclusion criteria. The synthesis results show that glycemic control in this case HbA1c is an indicator associated with microvascular complications (diabetic retinopathy, nephropathy, and neuropathy) across populations and study designs.

 

Keywords: Diabetes Mellitus, Glycemic Control, Hba1c, Microvascular Complications.

 

ABSTRAK

 

Diabetes melitus merupakan masalah kesehatan global yang prevalensinya terus meningkat dan berkontribusi signifikan terhadap morbiditas, mortalitas, serta beban ekonomi akibat komplikasi kronik, khususnya komplikasi mikrovaskular. Kontrol glikemik menjadi komponen utama dalam manajemen diabetes dan umumnya dievaluasi melalui HbA1c serta parameter glikemik lainnya. Literatur review ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara kontrol glikemik dan komplikasi mikrovaskular pada pasien diabetes melitus. Penelusuran literatur dilakukan pada database PubMed, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect untuk artikel berbahasa Inggris periode 2020–2025 dengan study kohort dan cross sectional studi. Proses seleksi dan critical appraisal menggunakan tools JBI menghasilkan tujuh artikel yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan bahwa kontrol glikemik dalam hal ini HbA1c menjadi indikator yang berhubungan dengan komplikasi mikrovaskular ( retinopati, nefropati, dan neuropati diabetik ) lintas populasi dan desain studi. 

 

Kata Kunci: Diabetes Melitus, Kontrol Glikemik, Hba1c, Komplikasi Mikrovaskular.


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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i9.24743

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