Hubungan Derajat Cedera Kepala dengan Kadar Gfap pada Pasien Cedera Kepala di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang

Rika Susanti, Raisya Ivana, Rizki Rahmadian

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ABSTRACT

 

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) is a condition resulting from external mechanical forces that impair brain function and remains a leading cause of high morbidity and mortality rates. The Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) is commonly employed to determine the severity of TBI. However, GCS does not always reflect the actual extent of brain tissue damage, as it can be influenced by various confounding factors. Consequently, biomarkers such as Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) are being investigated to assess the severity of brain injury. This study aims to determine the correlation between the severity of head injury and GFAP levels in patients at RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. This research is an analytic observational study with a cross-sectional approach. A total of 95 patients who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected using a consecutive sampling method. Data analysis using the Spearman correlation test revealed that the majority of patients sustained mild head injuries (65.3%), followed by moderate (21.1%) and severe injuries (13.7%). The median GFAP level was 2.251 ng/mL (range 0.050–16.412 ng/mL). The results indicated that there was no significant correlation between head injury severity based on GCS and GFAP levels (r = -0.088; p = 0.396). This outcome may be influenced by variations in injury characteristics, the timing of sample collection, and the distribution of injury severity across the sample.

 

Keywords: Head Injury Severity, GCS Score, GFAP.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Cedera kepala adalah kondisi yang terjadi akibat adanya gaya mekanik eksternal yang mengganggu fungsi otak serta menjadi salah satu penyebab tingginya angka morbiditas dan mortalitas. Penentuan tingkat keparahan derajat cedera kepala umumnya menggunakan skor Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS). Akan tetapi, GCS tidak selalu merepresentasikan derajat kerusakan jaringan otak yang sebenarnya karena dapat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor. Oleh karena itu, biomarker, seperti Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) mulai diteliti untuk menilai keparahan derajat cedera kepala. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan antara derajat cedera kepala dengan kadar GFAP pada pasien cedera kepala di RSUP Dr. M. Djamil Padang. Penelitian ini merupakan studi analitik observasional dengan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 95 pasien yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi dan eksklusi dan dipilih menggunakan metode consecutive sampling. Analisis data menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman menunjukkan bahwa mayoritas pasien mengalami cedera kepala ringan (65,3%), diikuti sedang (21,1%) dan berat (13,7%). Median kadar GFAP adalah 2,251 ng/mL (rentang 0,050–16,412 ng/mL). Hasil uji menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara derajat cedera kepala berdasarkan GCS dengan kadar GFAP (r = -0,088; p = 0,396). Hal ini kemungkinan dipengaruhi oleh variasi karakteristik cedera, waktu pengambilan sampel, serta distribusi derajat cedera kepala.

 

Kata Kunci: Derajat Cedera Kepala, Skor GCS, GFAP.


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mahesa.v6i6.25486

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