Analisis Cost-Effectiveness Antara Telepsychiatry Dan Perawatan Tatap Muka Pada Layanan Kesehatan Mental: Tinjauan Sistematis
Abstract
Gangguan kesehatan mental merupakan masalah global dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat, sementara akses terhadap layanan psikiatri masih terbatas akibat kendala geografis, kekurangan tenaga ahli, dan tingginya biaya layanan. Telepsychiatry dan intervensi digital berbasis telemedicine muncul sebagai pendekatan untuk memperluas jangkauan layanan kesehatan mental. Tinjauan sistematis ini bertujuan menganalisis efektivitas klinis dan cost-effectiveness telepsychiatry dibandingkan layanan tatap muka. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, dan ScienceDirect untuk periode 2021–2025 dan dilaporkan sesuai dengan PRISMA 2020. Dari 172 artikel yang diidentifikasi, delapan studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi, terdiri atas randomized controlled trials dan evaluasi ekonomi yang membandingkan telepsychiatry atau intervensi digital (iCBT, blended CBT, eHealth, dan iSMI) dengan layanan tatap muka. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa intervensi digital berbasis telepsychiatry umumnya menghasilkan efektivitas klinis yang sebanding dengan layanan tatap muka. Dari perspektif ekonomi, sebagian besar studi melaporkan biaya total yang lebih rendah atau probabilitas cost-effective yang lebih tinggi, dengan variasi hasil yang dipengaruhi oleh karakteristik populasi, tingkat dukungan profesional, dan perspektif analisis yang digunakan.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jdk.v15i1.23999
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