MODEL PENYELESAIAN MASALAH BERBASIS MAQĀṢID ASY-SYARIAH DALAM ETIKA KESEHATAN PADA PASIEN TERMINAL: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Siti Linda Ariska, Yuli Windarti, Ratna Sari Putri, Wahyu Wahyu, Diana Tristiyaningrum, Chanif chanif, Rohmat Suprapto

Abstract


Abstrak: Latar Belakang: Pasien terminal menghadapi dilema etika kompleks dalam pengambilan keputusan klinis, perawatan paliatif, dan akhir hayat. Pendekatan etika kesehatan konvensional belum sepenuhnya mengakomodasi nilai religius dan spiritual pasien Muslim. Tujuan: Literature review ini bertujuan menganalisis model penyelesaian masalah etika kesehatan pada pasien terminal berbasis maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan literature review naratif terhadap artikel nasional dan internasional yang dipublikasikan pada tahun 2021–2024. Sumber data diperoleh dari PubMed, Google Scholar, BMC Medical Ethics, dan jurnal Islam internasional. Delapan artikel utama dan tujuh artikel pendukung dianalisis secara kritis. Hasil: Pendekatan maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah terbukti mampu mengintegrasikan prinsip bioetika modern dengan nilai Islam melalui pemeliharaan jiwa (hifẓ al-nafs), penghormatan terhadap martabat manusia, dan peningkatan kualitas hidup pasien terminal. Model ini meliputi pengkajian holistik, analisis maslahat–mafsadat, penentuan prioritas maqāṣid, serta pengambilan keputusan bersama antara tenaga kesehatan, pasien, dan keluarga. Kesimpulan: Pendekatan maqāṣid asy-syarī‘ah merupakan kerangka etika yang komprehensif dan aplikatif dalam pelayanan pasien terminal serta berpotensi mendukung pengembangan praktik dan kebijakan perawatan paliatif berbasis kemaslahatan.

Keywords


Keperawatan, magister keperawatan

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References


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jdk.v15i2.24653

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