Merubah Sikap Terhadap Buang Air Besar Sembarangan Melalui Program Pemicuan : Kebijakan Nasional
Abstract
Perilaku buang air besar terbuka (BABS) masih menjadi masalah besar di Indonesia. Di daerah pedesaan perilaku ini masih umum, salah satunya di Desa Bumiharjo, Lampung Timur pada tahun 2016, perilaku BABS masih dilakukan oleh 561 kepala keluarga. Kementerian Kesehatan telah meluncurkan program Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat (STBM) dengan pendekatan pemicu yang pilar pertamanya adalah Open Defecation Free (ODF). Program ini belum sepenuhnya dilaksanakan di desa. Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui penerapan program pemicu STBM terhadap perubahan sikap masyarakat tentang buang air besar sembarangan. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian eksperimen semu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan program pemicu memiliki pengaruh pada perubahan sikap masyarakat terhadap BABS (p = 0,002). Berdasarkan hasil penelitian ini, kebijakan STBM nasional dengan konsep pemicu harus terus dilaksanakan sampai ODF Village tercapai di seluruh Indonesia.
Kata Kunci : perubahan sikap, buang air besar sembarangan, kebijakan nasional
Full Text:
PDF (Bahasa Indonesia)References
Annual Report Indonesia 2015. (2016). UNICEF INDONESIA.
Azwar, S. (2013). Sikap manusia: teori dan pengukurannya (edisi ke-2). Yogyakarta : Pustaka Pelajar.
Bardosh, K. (2015). Achieving “Total Sanitation” in Rural African Geographies: Poverty, Participation and Pit Latrines in Eastern Zambia. Geoforum, 66, 53–63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geoforum.2015.09.004
Chong, J., Abeysuriya, K., Hidayat, L., Sulistio, H., & Willetts, J. (2016). Strengthening Local Governance Arrangements for Sanitation: Case Studies of Small Cities in Indonesia. Aquatic Procedia, 6, 64–73. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aqpro.2016.06.008
Crano, W. D., & Prislin, R. (Eds.). (2008). Attitudes and Attitude Change. Madison Avenue: Psychology Press. Retrieved from http://www.ghbook.ir/index.php?name=فرهنگ و رسانه های نوین&option=com_dbook&task=readonline&book_id=13650&page=73&chkhashk=ED9C9491B4&Itemid=218〈=fa&tmpl=component
Csapó, J., & Magyar, A. (2010). Psychology of persuasion. Psychology of Persuasion, 1–191. https://doi.org/10.1037/13040-018
Ekawati, C., Agustina, -, Dukabaen, O., & Telan, A. B. (2017). The Influence of the 5 A’s Intervention towards Teenagers Attitude in Consuming Liquor at Kupang City. International Research Journal of Engineering, IT & Scientific Research, 3(5), 53. https://doi.org/10.21744/irjeis.v3i5.541
Freeman, M. C., Garn, J. V., Sclar, G. D., Boisson, S., Medlicott, K., Alexander, K. T., … Clasen, T. F. (2017). The impact of sanitation on infectious disease and nutritional status: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(6), 928–949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.05.007
Garn, J. V., Sclar, G. D., Freeman, M. C., Penakalapati, G., Alexander, K. T., Brooks, P., … Clasen, T. F. (2017). The impact of sanitation interventions on latrine coverage and latrine use: A systematic review and meta-analysis. International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health, 220(2), 329–340. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.10.001
Grojec, A. (2015). Progress on Sanitation and Drinking Water (2015 Update and MDG Assessment). Switzerland: UNICEF and World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/water_sanitation_health/publications/jmp-2015-update/en/
Hou, S.-I. (2014). Health Education: Theoretical Concepts, Effective Strategies and Core Competencies. Health promotion practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839914538045
Laporan Hasil Riset Kesehatan Dasar (Riskesdas) Indonesia tahun 2018. (2018). Riset Kesehatan Dasar 2018.
Laporan Kemajuan Akses Sanitasi. (2019). Jakarta: Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Retrieved from http://monev.stbm.kemkes.go.id/
Laporan Kemajuan ODF. (2019). Kementerian Kesehatan RI. Retrieved from http://monev.stbm.kemkes.go.id/
Maulana, H. D. (2007). Promosi Kesehatan. (E. K. Yudha, Ed.). Jakarta: Penerbit Buku Kedokteran EGC.
MCA-Indonesia, & Kesehatan, K. R. I. (2015). Pedoman Pelaksanaan Sanitasi Total Berbasis Masyarakat. Millennium Challenge A Ccount - Indonesia, (21), 16.
Nandi, A., Megiddo, I., Ashok, A., Verma, A., & Laxminarayan, R. (2017). Reduced burden of childhood diarrheal diseases through increased access to water and sanitation in India: A modeling analysis. Social Science and Medicine, 180, 181–192. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.08.049
Novotný, J., Humňalová, H., & Kolomazníková, J. (2018). The social and political construction of latrines in rural Ethiopia. Journal of Rural Studies, 63(August), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2018.08.003
Sharma, M., & Romas, J. A. (2012). Theoretical Foundations of Health Education and Health Promotion. Ontario: Jones & Bartlett Learning International.
Steele, R. (2019). Progress on Household Drinking Water, Sanitation and Hygiene 2000-2017. New York: WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme for Water Supply and Sanitation (JMP).
Venkataramanan, V., Crocker, J., Karon, A., & Bartram, J. (2018). Community-led total sanitation: A mixed-methods systematic review of evidence and its quality. Environmental Health Perspectives, 126(2). https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP1965
WHO. (2016). World Health Organization, 44(1), 23–63. https://doi.org/10.1183/09031936.00188313
Yulyani, V., Nuryani, D. D., & Kurnia, D. (2019). Latrine Use And Associated Factors Among Rural Community In Indonesia. Malaysian Journal of Public Health Medicine, 19(1), 143–151. https://doi.org/http://10.0.20.161/zenodo.3375462
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jdk.v8i4.2334
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2020 JURNAL DUNIA KESMAS
Published by:
Faculty of Health Sciences, Malahayati University
Editorial Address:
Jl. Pramuka No. 27 Kemiling Bandar Lampung Cq. Tim Jurnal Dunia Kesmas.
Whatsapp : 0822-8154-6379 (admin)