Efektivitas terapi musik dalam menurunkan nyeri pada pasien anak: A literature review
Abstract
Background: Handling or caring for children who are hospitalized requires special attention, especially the psychological burden of sick children in feeling pain due to injury or illness. The pain experienced by pediatric patients needs to be treated appropriately to help reduce discomfort and divert the focus of the pain they suffer. Music is a unique form of communication that can convey emotions and feelings deeply. This can have emotional and physical benefits, such as improving mood, reducing stress, reducing pain and anxiety levels.
Purpose: To present and analyze the results of research on music therapy as a non-pharmacological intervention for pain management in children.
Method: The form of a literatur review. database searches are carried out through Scopus, Science Direct, Pub med, and ProQuest and to obtain 10 suitable articles.
Results: All literature shows that music therapy is very effective as an application in the treatment and care of pediatric patients in hospitals, especially in relation to pediatric patients who suffer from pain. Music therapy can help nurses provide better care to pediatric patients.
Conclusion: Music therapy is a non-pharmacological intervention that is safe and acceptable for pediatric patients, reduces pain levels, improves mood, reduces stress, and helps reduce anxiety in hospitalized patients. However, music therapy is ineffective and has less effect on pediatric patients due to burns and pre-operative injuries in early childhood patients (0-3 years).
Suggestion: Music therapy is a good choice for pain management in pediatric patients being treated in hospital, further research is needed to examine the effectiveness of music therapy in pediatric patients due to burns and pre-operative patients in early childhood (0-3 years).
Keywords: Music Therapy; Pain; Pediatric Patients
Pendahuluan: Penanganan atau perawatan anak-anak yang dirawat di rumah sakit diperlukan adanya perhatian secara khusus terutama beban psikologis anak yang sakit dalam merasakan nyeri akibat cedera atau penyakit. Rasa nyeri yang dialami pasien anak perlu ditangani dengan tepat untuk membantu mengurangi rasa ketidaknyamanan dan pengalihan fokus perasaan sakit yang dideritanya. Musik adalah bentuk komunikasi yang unik yang dapat menyampaikan emosi dan perasaan secara mendalam. Hal ini dapat bermanfaat secara emosional dan fisik, seperti meningkatkan mood, mengurangi stres, menurunkan tingkat nyeri serta kecemasan.
Tujuan: Memaparkan dan menganalisis hasil-hasil penelitian tentang terapi musik sebagai intervensi non-farmakologis untuk manajemen nyeri pada anak.
Metode: Literature review, penelusuran artikel akademik melalui Online Database. Pencarian melalui Online Database diantaranya Scopus, Science Direct, Pub med, dan ProQuest dari tahun 2018-2023 dan didapatkan 10 artikel yang sesuai.
Hasil: Semua literatur menunjukkan bahwa terapi musik sangat efektif sebagai aplkasi dalam penanganan dan perawatan pasien anak di rumah sakit terutama terkait dalam pasien anak yang mengalami penderitaan akibat rasa nyeri. Terapi musik dapat membantu perawat dalam memberikan perawatan yang lebih baik pada pasien anak.
Simpulan: Terapi musik adalah intervensi non-farmakologis yang aman dan dapat diterima oleh pasien anak, mengurangi tingkat nyeri, meningkatkan mood, mengurangi stres, dan membantu mengurangi rasa kecemasan pada pasien yang dirawat di rumah sakit. Tetapi terapi musik tidak efektif dan kurang berpengaruh pada pasien anak karena luka bakar dan pra operasi pada pasien anak usia dini (0-3 tahun ).
Saran: Terapi musik menjadi pilihan yang baik dalam manajemen nyeri pada pasien anak dalam perawatan di rumah sakit, selebihnya diperlukan adanya penelitian lebih lanjut untuk mengkaji efektivitas terapi musik pada pasien anak akibat luka bakar dan pra operasi pasien anak usia dini (0-3 tahun ).
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v17i7.12873
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