Status psikologis dan meningkatnya tekanan darah pada lanjut usia
Abstract
Background: Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that causes major health problems with a high prevalence in adults and elderly. High blood pressure (BP) in elderly patients is expected to worsen their psychological condition.
Purpose: To determine the correlation between blood pressure and psychological status among elderly patients with hypertension.
Method: The current study applied a descriptive correlation and cross-sectional design. A total sample of 152 people were recruited using simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire used was the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42). Descriptive statistics and bivariate analysis were applied to examine the relationship between variables.
Results: Systolic pressure was significantly correlated with stress (r=0.19; p<0.05).
Conclusion: The higher the systolic blood pressure, the more severe the stress level in the hypertensive elderly.
Keywords: Anxiety; Blood Pressure; Elderly; Hypertension; Stress
Pendahuluan: Hipertensi merupakan penyakit tidak menular yang menyebabkan masalah kesehatan besar dengan prevalensi tinggi pada kelompok usia dewasa dan lanjut usia (lansia). Tekanan darah tinggi penderita lansia berpotensi memperparah keadaan psikologisnya.
Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui korelasi antara tekanan darah dan status psikologis pada pasien lansia yang mengidap hipertensi.Metode: Jenis penelitian ini adalah deskriptif korelasi dan berpendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 152 orang yang direkrut menggunakan teknik simple random sampling. Kuesioner yang digunakan yaitu Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-42). Statistik deskriptif serta analisa bivariat diaplikasikan untuk menguji hubungan antar variabel.
Hasil: Tekanan sistolik berhubungan secara signifikan dengan stres (r=0.19; p<0,05).
Simpulan: Semakin tinggi tekanan darah sistol, semakin parah level stres pada lansia hipertensi.
Keywords
References
Alimansur, M., & Anwar, M. C. (2013). Efek relaksasi terhadap penurunan tekanan darah pada penderita hipertensi. Jurnal Ilmu Kesehatan, 2(1), 74–82. https://doi.org/10.32831/jik.v2i1.31
Amin, A., Kumar, S. S., Rajagopalan, A., Rajan, S., Mishra, S., Reddy, U. K., & Mukkadan, J. K. (2016). Beneficial effects of OM chanting on depression, anxiety, stress and cognition in elderly women with hypertension. Indian Journal of Clinical Anatomy and Physiology, 3(3), 253. https://doi.org/10.5958/2394-2126.2016.00056.6
Andria, K. M. (2013). Hubungan antara perilaku olahraga, stress dan pola makan dengan tingkat hipertensi pada lanjut usia di posyandu lansia Kelurahan Gebang Putih Kecamatan Sukolilo Kota Surabaya. Jurnal Promkes, 1(2), 111–117. Diambil dari http://journal.unair.ac.id/download-fullpapers-jupromkes562e04d4f1full.pdf
Ardian, I., Haiya, N. N., & Sari, T. U. (2018). Signifikansi tingkat stres dengan tekanan darah pada pasien hipertensi. Nurse Roles in Providing Spiritual Care in Hospital, Academic and Community, 1(1), 152–156. Semarang: Unissula Press.
Aspiani, R. Y. (2014). Buku ajar asuhan keperawatan gerontik aplikasi NANDA, NIC, dan NOC Jilid 1. Jakarta: CV. Trans Info Media.
Assari, S., & Lankarani, M. M. (2016). Race and gender differences in correlates of death anxiety among elderly in the United States. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 10(2), e2024. https://doi.org/10.17795/ijpbs-2024
Babazadeh, T., Sarkhoshi, R., Bahadori, F., Moradi, F., Shariat, F., & Sherizadeh, Y. (2016). Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress disorders in elderly people residing in Khoy, Iran (2014-2015). Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, 4(2), 122–128. https://doi.org/10.15171/jarcm.2016.020
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2014). Statistik Indonesia - Statistical yearbook of Indonesia: 2014. Jakarta: Badan Pusat Statistik.
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2021). Facts about hypertension. Diambil 14 Maret 2022, dari https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm
Ghani, L., Susilawati, M. D., & Novriani, H. (2016). Faktor risiko dominan penyakit jantung koroner di indonesia faktor risiko dominan penyakit jantung koroner di Indonesia. Buletin Penelitian Kesehatan, 44(3), 153–164. https://doi.org/10.22435/bpk.v44i3.5436.153-164
Hosseini, F. S., Sharifi, N., & Jamali, S. (2021). Correlation anxiety, stress, and depression with perceived social support among the elderly: A cross-sectional study in Iran. Ageing International, 46(1), 108–114. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12126-020-09376-9
Husna, F., & Ariningtyas, N. (2019). Tingkat kecemasan lansia berdasarkan Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42 (DASS 42) di Posyandu Lansia Mekar Raharja Dusun Lemah Dadi Bangunjiwo, Kasihan Bantul. Jurnal Kesehatan Samodra Ilmu, 10(1), 36–44.
Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia. (2014). Hipertensi. Jakarta.
Korneliani, K., & Meida, D. (2012). Obesitas dan stress dengan kejadian hipertensi. Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat, 7(2), 117–121. https://doi.org/10.15294/kemas.v7i2.2806
Kyum, S., Hyuck, J., Jae, J., Bum, S., Hui, T., Won, J., … Woong, K. (2013). Smoking in elderly Koreans: Prevalence and factors associated with smoking cessation. Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics, 56(1), 214–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2012.08.018
Lovibond, P. F., & Lovibond, S. H. (1995). The structure of negative emotional states: Comparison of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS) with the Beck Depression and Anxiety Inventories. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 33(3), 335–343. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(94)00075-U
Moustafa, A. A., Tindle, R., Frydecka, D., & Misiak, B. (2017). Impulsivity and its relationship with anxiety, depression and stress. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 74, 173–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2017.01.013
Moylan, S., Jacka, F. N., Pasco, J. A., & Berk, M. (2013). How cigarette smoking may increase the risk of anxiety symptoms and anxiety disorders : a critical review of biological pathways. https://doi.org/10.1002/brb3.137
Muhlisin, A., & Laksono, R. A. (2014). Analisis pengaruh faktor stress terhadap kekambuhan penderita hipertensi di Puskesmas Bendosari Sukoharjo. Prosiding Seminar Ilmiah Nasional Kesehatan, 42–48.
Mursiany, A., Ermawati, N., & Oktaviani, N. (2015). Gambaran penggunaan obat dan kepatuhan mengonsumsi obat pada penderita penyakit hipertensi di Instalasi Rawat Jalan RSUD Kraton Kabupaten Pekalongan Tahun 2013. Pena Jurnal Ilmu Pengetahuan dan Teknologi, 28(2), 237–248. https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.31941/jurnalpena.v28i2.147
Padila, P. (2013). Buku ajar keperawatan gerontik. Yogyakarta: Nuha Medika.
Pavel, J., Benicky, J., Murakami, Y., Sanchez-Lemus, E., & Saavedra, J. M. (2008). Peripherally administered angiotensin II AT1 receptor antagonists are anti-stress compounds in vivo. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1148(301), 360–366. https://doi.org/10.1196/annals.1410.006
Sari, C. W. M., Sumarni, N., & Rahayu, Y. S. (2019). Hubungan stres terhadap tekanan darah pada lansia hipertensi di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kadungora Kabupaten Garut. Jurnal Keperawatan Muhammadiyah, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.30651/jkm.v4i2.3193
Seke, P. A., Bidjuni, H. J., & Lolong, J. (2016). Hubungan kejadian stres dengan penyakit hipertensi pada lansia di Balai Penyantunan Lanjut Usia Senjah Cerah Kecamatan Mapanget Kota Manado. e-journal Keperawatan(e-Kp), 4(2), 1–5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.35790/jkp.v4i2.12880
Setiawan, G. W., Wungouw, H. I. S., & Pangemanan, D. H. C. (2013). Pengaruh senam bugar lanjut usia (lansia) terhadap kualitas hidup penderita hipertensi. Jurnal e-Biomedik, 1(2), 760–764. https://doi.org/10.35790/ebm.1.2.2013.3632
Shinya, H., Iwane, N., & Hano, T. (2017). Effects of antihypertensive drugs on skin blood flow as an indicator of sympathetic responses to mental stress in hypertensive patients. Health, 09(03), 568–575. https://doi.org/10.4236/health.2017.93040
Valipour, G., Esmaillzadeh, A., Azadbakht, L., Afshar, H., Hassanzadeh, A., & Adibi, P. (2015). Adherence to the DASH diet in relation to psychological profile of Iranian adults. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(1), 309–320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-015-1081-0
Wardani, Y., Nashori, H. F., & Uyun, Q. (2016). Efektivitas pelatihan shalat khusyuk dalam menurunkan kecemasan pada lansia hipertensi. Jurnal Intervensi Psikologi, 8(2), 217–233. https://doi.org/10.20885/intervensipsikologi.vol8.iss2.art5
World Health Organization. (2022a). Blood pressure/hypertension. Diambil 14 Maret 2022, dari https://www.who.int/data/gho/indicator-metadata-registry/imr-details/3155
World Health Organization. (2022b). Hypertension. Diambil 14 Maret 2022, dari https://www.who.int/health-topics/hypertension#tab=tab_1
Zale, E. L., Maisto, S. A., & Ditre, J. W. (2016). Anxiety and depression in bidirectional relations between pain and smoking: Implications for smoking cessation. Behavior Modification, 40(1–2), 7–28. https://doi.org/10.1177/0145445515610744
DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/hjk.v16i3.6813
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
Copyright (c) 2022 Holistik Jurnal Kesehatan
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
