Mendorong perubahan sikap perokok aktif melalui komunikasi kesehatan yang efektif

Abstract

Background: The communication model that has been implemented for patients at the Batin Manguang Tanggamus Hospital until now has not yet given a comprehensive effect on patients who are still actively smoking, in fact, there are still patients who are still actively smoking.

Purpose: To find out the effectiveness of the health communication model in encouraging changes in the attitude of active smokers

Method: Quantitative research design using quasi-experimental. The population is outpatients (internal medicine) who are still actively smoking in RSUD Batin Manguang, the number of samples is 30 participants who are grouped into 3 groups and each group contains 10 participants. The intervention of each group is different, namely by doing linear communication intervention, interactional communication intervention, and transactional communication intervention. Univariate data analysis used the mean (mean), median, minimum and maximum values and standard deviation (standard deviation) of attitudes, the bivariate analysis used t-test, and multivariate analysis used One way ANOVA.

Results: There are differences in attitudes who underwent linear communication intervention, interactional communication intervention, and transactional communication intervention. Based on multivariate analysis with ANOVA, it was found that there was no dominant communication on changes in the attitude of hypertensive patients who smoked.

Conclusion: There are differences in attitude values after the intervention of linear communication, interactional communication, and transactional communication with a p-value <0.05. And there is no communication intervention model that is the most dominant towards changing attitudes of hypertensive patients who smoke (p-value > 0.05).

Suggestion: For health workers at Batin Mangunan Hospital, Tanggamus Regency, can apply linear communication interventions, interactional communication interventions, and transactional communication interventions in order to change the behavior who are still smoking. In addition, health workers evaluate the communication interventions that have been implemented in hospitals.

Keywords: Health communication; Linear communication; Interactional communication; Transactional communication; Attitude; active smokers.

Pendahuluan: Model komunikasi yang diimplementasikan kepada pasien di RSUD Batin Mangunang Tanggamus sampai saat ini masih belum memberikan efek secara menyeluruh kepada pasien yang masih aktif merokok, faktanya masih ditemukan pasien yang masih aktif merokok.

Tujuan: Untuk mengetahui efektifitas model komunikasi kesehatan dalam mendorong perubahan sikap perokok aktif

Metode: Kuantitatif dengan desain penelitian menggunakan quasi eksperimen. Populasinya pasien rawat jalan (penyakit dalam/  internal medicine) yang masih aktif merokok di RSUD Batin Mangunang, jumlah sampel sebanyak 30 partisipan yang dikelompokkan menjadi 3 kelompok dan masing-masing kelompok berisi 10 partisipan. Intervensi setiap kelompok berbeda-beda yaitu dengan  dilakukan intervensi komunikasi linier, intervensi komunikasi interaksional dan intervensi komunikasi transaksional. Analisis data univariat menggunakan nilai rata-rata (mean), nilai tengah (median), nilai minimum dan maksimum serta simpangan baku (standar deviasi) sikap, analisis bivariat menggunakan uji t dan analisis multivariat menggunakan One way anova.

Hasil: Terdapat perbedaan sikap yang dilakukan intervensi komunikasi linier, intervensi komunikasi interaksional dan intervensi komunikasi transaksional.Berdasarkan analisis multivariat dengan annova, maka diperoleh hasil bahwa tidak ada komunikasi yang dominaterhadap perubahan sikap pasien , yang merokok.

Simpulan: Ada perbedaan nilai sikap setelah intervensi komunikasi linier, komunikasi interaksional dan komunikasi transaksional dengan hasil p-value <0.05. Dan tidak ada model intervensi komunikasi yang paling dominan terhadap perubahan sikap (p-value > 0.05).

Saran: Bagi petugas kesehatan di RSUD Batin Mangunang Kabupaten Tanggamus dapat menerapkan semua model dalam rangka merubah perilaku pasien perokok aktif. Selain itu petugas kesehatan melakukan evaluasi terhadap intervensi komunikasi yang selama ini telah diterapkan di rumah sakit.