Development Of A Preeclampsia Education Model Using Manggarai Regional Language Videos On Knowledge About Preeclampsia Prevention Behavior In Pregnant Women

Makrina Sedista Manggul* -  Universitas Katolik Indonesia Santu Paulus Ruteng., Indonesia
Natalia Damaiyanti Putri Raden -  Prodi Sarjana Kebidanan UNIKA St. Paulus Ruteng, Indonesia
Maria Yosefa Bandur -  Prodi Sarjana Kebidanan UNIKA St. Paulus Ruteng, Indonesia
Imelda Rosniyati Dewi -  Prodi Profesi Kebidanan UNIKA St. Paulus Ruteng, Indonesia
DOI : 10.33024/jkm.v10i11.16359

 

Latar Belakang Preeklamsia tercatat sebagai penyebab kematian ibu kedua di Indonesia setelah perdarahan maternal. Preeklamsia terjadi pada ibu hamil setelah mencapai usia kehamilan lebih dari 20 minggu yang ditandai dengan hipertensi, proteinuria dan edema. Preeklamsia pada ibu hamil menimbulkan risiko serius bagi ibu dan janin,terutama terjadi pada ibu hamil dengan faktor risiko seperti usia tua,primigravida,jarak kehamilan kurang dari 2 tahun,riwayat preeklamsia sebelumnya,riwayat hipertensi dan kelebihan gizi. Data preeklamsia selama 9 tahun terakhir di di BLUD pada RSUD dr. Ben Mboi Kabupaten Manggarai pada tahun 2014 terdapat 186 kasus, periode Januari-Oktober 2015 tercatat 250 kasus dan pada tahun 2018, RSUD Ben Mboi mencatat 490 kasus preeklamsia pada ibu hamil yang melahirkan atau dirawat. Data ibu hamil DI Puskesmas Kota beresiko preeklamsia hingga Agustus 2023 tercatat sebanyak  165 kasus. Melihat masalah yang ada ditempat penelitian maka team melakukan riset edukasi menggunakan vidio bahasa daerah Manggarai, sehingga diharapkan dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil dalam mengatasi masalah preeklampsi karena mayoritas masyarakat di Kabupaten Manggarai lebih cenderung menggunakan bahasa daerah sebagai bahasa sehari-hari.

Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efektivitas edukasi menggunakan vidio bahasa daerah Manggarai terhadap  pengetahuan tentang perilaku pencegahan preeklamsia.

Metode dalam Penelitian ini menggunakan media video Bahasa daerah Manggarai sebagai sarana pendidikan kesehatan, serta mengumpulkan data pengetahuan tentang perilaku pencegahan preeklamsia melalui kuesioner dan  dilaksanakan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kota Kabupaten Manggarai – NTT mulai Oktober  2023 sampai April 2024. Desain yang digunakan adalah eksperimental dengan pendekatan quasi eksperimental dengan rancangan pretest and post test with control group design. Analisa data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat. Analisa univariat meliputi distribusi frekuensi karateristik responden, mean dan standar deviasi. Analisis pada penelitian ini diawali dengan uji normalitas data dengan uji Kolmogorov  Smirnov dan didapatkan data berdistribusi normal, selanjutnya uji bivariat menggunakan uji pairet T-test.

Hasil Pada kelompok intervensi rerata pengetahuan ibu hamil sebelum diberikan perlakuan sebesar 56,10 dan setelah diberikan edukasi menggunakan vidio bahasa daerah manggarai ada peningkatan pengetahuan sebesar 74,67 dengan selisih mean 29,50. Perbedaan ini bermakna secara statistik dengan nilai nilai p = 0,001 ≤ 0,05.

Kesimpulan Edukasi menggunakan video Bahasa daerah Manggarai dapat berpengaruh terhadap pengetahuan ibu hamil tentang perilaku pencegahan preeklampsia ditandai dengan hasil uji statistik menunjukkan nilai  p = 0,001 ≥ 0,05

Saran tenaga  kesehatan terutama bidan dapat mempertimbangkan untuk memperluas penggunaan media edukasi berbasis video dalam bahasa daerah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman ibu hamil di daerah-daerah lain yang memiliki bahasa dan budaya yang berbeda.

 

Kata Kunci : Ibu Hamil, Perilaku,Preeklampsia,Vidio

 

 

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Background Preeclampsia is recorded as the second cause of maternal death in Indonesia after maternal bleeding. Preeclampsia occurs in pregnant women after reaching a gestational age of more than 20 weeks which is characterized by hypertension, proteinuria and edema. Preeclampsia in pregnant women poses a serious risk to the mother and fetus, especially in pregnant women with risk factors such as old age, primigravida, pregnancy interval of less than 2 years, history of previous preeclampsia, history of hypertension and excess nutrition. Preeclampsia data for the last 9 years at the Regional Public Service Agency (BLUD) of the Dr. Ben Mboi Regional General Hospital (RSUD) Manggarai Regency in 2014 there were 186 cases, the period January-October 2015 recorded 250 cases and in 2018, Ben Mboi Hospital recorded 490 cases of preeclampsia in pregnant women who gave birth or were treated. Data on pregnant women at the City Health Center at risk of preeclampsia until August 2023 recorded 165 cases. Seeing the problems that exist in the research location, the team conducted educational research using Manggarai regional language videos, so that it is expected to increase the knowledge of pregnant women in overcoming preeclampsia problems because the majority of people in Manggarai Regency tend to use regional languages as their daily language.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of education using Manggarai regional language videos on knowledge about preeclampsia prevention behavior.

The method in this study used Manggarai regional language video media as a means of health education, as well as collecting data on knowledge about preeclampsia prevention behavior through questionnaires and was carried out in the work area of the Manggarai Regency City Health Center - NTT from October 2023 to April 2024. The design used was experimental with a quasi-experimental approach with a pretest and post-test with control group design. Data analysis was carried out univariately and bivariately. Univariate analysis includes the frequency distribution of respondent characteristics, mean and standard deviation. The analysis in this study began with a data normality test with the Kolmogorov Smirnov test and obtained normally distributed data, then the bivariate test used the pairet T-test.

Results In the intervention group, the average knowledge of pregnant women before being given treatment was 56.10 and after being given education using Manggarai regional language videos, there was an increase in knowledge of 74.67 with a mean difference of 29.50. This difference was statistically significant with a p value = 0.001 ≤ 0.05.

Conclusion Education using Manggarai regional language videos can affect pregnant women's knowledge about preeclampsia prevention behavior, indicated by the results of statistical tests showing a p value = 0.001 ≥ 0.05

Suggestions for health workers, especially midwives, can consider expanding the use of video-based educational media in regional languages to improve the understanding of pregnant women in other areas that have different languages and cultures.

 

Keywords: Behavior, Preeclampsia,Pregnant Women, Videos.

 

Keywords : Video, Pregnant Women, Preeclampsia, knowledge.

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