Feeding For Two: The Impact Of Dietary Patterns On Blood Sugar Control In Late Pregnancy

Umiah Umiah* -  Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
Rukmaini Rukmaini -  Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
Retno Widowati -  Faculty of Health Sciences, Universitas Nasional, Jakarta, Indonesia, Indonesia
DOI : 10.33024/jkm.v11i6.20256

Latar Belakang: Diabetes mellitus gestasional (DMG) terkait dengan morbiditas maternal dan neonatal. Pola makan berperan penting dalam pengendalian glukosa selama kehamilan.

Tujuan: Menganalisis pengaruh pola makan energi, makronutrien, dan asupan cairan terhadap kadar gula darah puasa pada ibu hamil trimester tiga di Rumah Sakit AnNisa, Tangerang.

Metode: Penelitian potong lintang dilakukan pada 100 ibu hamil trimester tiga. Pola makan dinilai menggunakan recall 24 jam dan aplikasi Nutrinote. Kadar gula darah puasa diukur melalui metode laboratorium standar. Uji chisquare, korelasi Spearman, dan regresi logistik sederhana digunakan untuk menganalisis asosiasi dan mengontrol faktor perancu. Signifikansi ditetapkan pada α = 0,05.

Hasil: Indeks massa tubuh sebelum hamil berhubungan signifikan dengan kadar gula darah puasa (p = 0,014). Asupan energi (r = 0,351, p < 0,001), protein (r = 0,292, p = 0,002), dan karbohidrat (r = 0,358, p < 0,001) berkorelasi positif dengan kadar gula darah puasa, sedangkan lemak (r = 0,173, p = 0,085) dan cairan (r = 0,029, p = 0,773) tidak. Regresi logistik menunjukkan bahwa asupan energi (OR = 1,02; 95% CI 1,01–1,03; p = 0,001), protein (OR = 1,03; 95% CI 1,02–1,05; p < 0,001), dan karbohidrat (OR = 1,01; 95% CI 1,00–1,02; p = 0,001) secara signifikan meningkatkan peluang kadar gula darah puasa tinggi.

Kesimpulan: Manajemen pola makan yang tepat—terutama energi, protein, dan karbohidrat—penting untuk mencegah peningkatan kadar gula darah puasa pada ibu hamil. Edukasi gizi seimbang direkomendasikan untuk mencegah DMG.

Saran: Tenaga kesehatan diharapkan dapat memberikan edukasi gizi seimbang dan perencanaan pola makan yang disesuaikan agar risiko DMG dapat diminimalkan.

 

Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus Gestasional, Gula Darah Puasa, Ibu Hamil, Pola Makan

 

ABSTRACT

 

Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Dietary patterns play a crucial role in glycemic control during pregnancy.

Objective: To analyze the effect of dietary patterns—energy, macronutrients, and fluid intake—on fasting blood glucose levels among thirdtrimester pregnant women at AnNisa Hospital, Tangerang.

Methods: A crosssectional study was conducted with 100 pregnant women in their third trimester. Dietary intake was assessed using a 24hour recall and the Nutrinote application. Fasting blood glucose was measured via standard laboratory enzymatic methods. Chisquare tests, Spearman correlation, and simple logistic regression were used to examine associations and adjust for confounders. Significance was set at α = 0.05.

Results: Prepregnancy BMI was significantly associated with fasting blood glucose (p = 0.014). Energy intake (r = 0.351, p < 0.001), protein (r = 0.292, p = 0.002), and carbohydrate intake (r = 0.358, p < 0.001) correlated positively with fasting blood glucose, whereas fat (r = 0.173, p = 0.085) and water intake (r = 0.029, p = 0.773) did not. Logistic regression showed that higher energy (OR = 1.02; 95% CI 1.01–1.03; p = 0.001), protein (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 1.02–1.05; p < 0.001), and carbohydrate intake (OR = 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.02; p = 0.001) significantly increased the odds of elevated fasting blood glucose.

Conclusion: Proper management of dietary energy, protein, and carbohydrate intake is essential to prevent elevated fasting blood glucose in pregnant women. Balanced nutrition education is recommended to prevent GDM.

Recommendation: Healthcare providers should implement tailored nutrition education programs focusing on balanced macronutrient distribution and energy control to reduce the risk of GDM.

 

Keywords: Dietary Patterns; Fasting Blood Glucose; Pregnant Women; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus



Keywords : Keywords: Dietary Patterns; Fasting Blood Glucose; Pregnant Women; Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

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