Health Belief Model (Hbm) Preventive Behavior Of Pregnant Women During The Covid-19 Pandemic

Ririn Widyastuti* -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia
Ferry W.F Waangsir -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia
Yuliana Dafroyati -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang
Astin Nur Hanifah -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Surabaya, Indonesia
Bertolomeus Elis Rimba -  RSUD Prof W.Z Johannes Ende, Indonesia
Tirza V.I Tabelak -  Poltekkes Kemenkes Kupang, Indonesia
DOI : 10.33024/jkm.v9i1.8898

Latar Belakang: Coronavirus merupakan virus RNA strain tunggal positif, berkapsul dan tidak bersegmen dengan nama severe acute respirtorysyndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) dengan nama penyakitnya adalah Coronavirus Disease 2019. Data sebaran kasus covid di provinsi NTT adalah 15.217 jiwa terkonfirmasi positif dengan sebaran kabupaten/kota teratas tanggal 6 Mei 2021, adalah Kota Kupang, Kabupaten Sumba Timur dan Kabupaten Ende. Pada kelompok ibu hamil, terdapat 4.9% ibu hamil terkonfirmasi positif covid 19. Data ini menunjukkan bahwa ibu hamil, bersalin, nifas dan bayi baru lahir juga merupakan sasaran yang rentan terhadap infeksi Covid 19 dan kondisi ini dikhawatirkan akan meningkatkan morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu dan bayi baru lahir. Ibu hamil, lebih rentan terhadap morbiditas Covid 19 dikarenakan perubahan fisiologis dan imunologis selama masa kehamilan. Health Belief Model (HBM) merupakan sebuah model untuk memahami kesulitan individu dalam mengikuti program pencegahan dalam konteks kesehatan.

Tujuan: untuk mengetahui health belief model (HBM) perilaku preventif ibu hamil pada masa pandemi covid 19 di kota Ende.

Metode penelitian: Penelitian ini menggunakan studi deskriptif dengan teknik studi korelasional. Penelitian akan dilaksanakan pada 5 puskesmas di kota Ende pada bulan Januari – Desember 2022. Proyeksi populasi ibu hamil pada 5 puskesmas adalah 500 ibu hamil. Teknik pengambilan sampel adalah double sampling yaitu metode quota sampling dan purposie sampling. Jumlah sampel dengan menggunakan rumus Slovin yang berjumlah 221 ibu hamil. Teknik pengumpulan data kuantitatif dengan memberikan kuisioner tentang health belief model (HBM) perilaku preventif ibu hamil pada masa pandemi covid 19 di kota Ende, kuisioner berjumlah 40 pertanyaan tertutup yang telah diuji validitas dan realibilitas.Analisis data kuantitatif dengan Pearson Product Moment dan Uji Regresi linear.

Hasil penelitian: Koefisien korelasi sebesar 0,295 dengan signifikansi 0,000. Ha diterima karena signifikansi >0,05. Jadi terdapat hubungan positif yang signifikan antara health belief model (HBM) dengan perilaku preventif pada ibu hamil di masa pandemi covid 19 di Kota Ende. Berdasarkan nilai signifikansi sig (2-tailed) sebesar 0,000 menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi yang signifikan antara variabel HBM dengan perilaku preventif pada ibu hamil di masa pandemi covid 19 di Kota Ende. Hasil uji regresi linear didapatkan hasil bahwa nilai signifikan value F test < 0,05 yaitu nilai Sig 0,000, yang berarti bahwa variabel independent mempunyai hubungan linier dengan variabel dependen. Secara bersama sama persepsi perceived susceptibility (kerentanan yang dirasakan), perceived severity (Bahaya/kesakitan yang dirasakan), perceived benefit (Keyakinan akan manfaat yang dirasakan) dan  perceived barrier (Hambatan yang dirasakan) berpengaruh pada perilaku preventif  pada ibu hamil pada masacovid 19 di Kota Ende Tahun 2022.

Kesimpulan: Terdapat hubungan antara HBM dengan perilaku preventif pada ibu hamil pada masa covid 19 di Kota Ende

Saran: Ibu hamil agar meningkatkan perilaku preventif untuk mencegah covid 19 selama masa kehamilan

 

Kata Kunci : Health Belief Model (HBM); Preventif; Ibu hamil; Covid 19

 

ABSTRACT

 

Background:. Coronavirus is a positive single strain RNA virus, encapsulated and not segmented with the name severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) with the name The disease is Coronavirus Disease 2019. Data on the distribution of covid cases in the province of NTT is 15,217 people who are positively confirmed with the distribution of the top regencies/cities on May 6, 2021, namely Kupang City, East Sumba Regency and Ende Regency. In the group of pregnant women, there were 4.9% of pregnant women were confirmed positive for Covid 19. This data shows that pregnant women, childbirth, postpartum and newborns are also vulnerable targets for Covid 19 infection and this condition is feared to increase maternal and infant morbidity and mortality. Newborn. Pregnant women are more susceptible to Covid-19 morbidity due to physiological and immunological changes during pregnancy. The Health Belief Model (HBM) is a model to understand individual difficulties in participating in prevention programs in the context of health.

Purpose: to find out the health belief model (HBM) for the preventive behaviour of pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in the city of Ende.

Research method: This study uses a descriptive study with a correlational study technique. The research will be carried out at 5 puskesmas in the city of Ende from January – December 2022. The projected population of pregnant women in 5 puskesmas is 500 pregnant women. The sampling technique was double sampling, namely quota sampling and purposive sampling methods. The number of samples using the Slovin formula amounted to 221 pregnant women. Quantitative data collection techniques by providing a questionnaire about the health belief model (HBM) preventive behaviour of pregnant women during the covid 19 pandemic in the city of Ende, a questionnaire consisting of 40 closed questions that have been tested for validity and reliability. Quantitative data analysis with Pearson Product Moment and Linear Regression Test.

Results: The correlation coefficient is 0.295 with a significance of 0.000. Ha is accepted because the significance is > 0.05. So there is a significant positive relationship between the health belief model (HBM) and preventive behaviour in pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic in Ende City. Based on the significance value of sig (2-tailed) of 0.000, it shows that there is a significant correlation between the HBM variable and preventive behaviour in pregnant women during the covid 19 pandemic in Ende City. The results of the linear regression test showed that the significant value of the F test value <0.05, namely the Sig value of 0.000, which means that the independent variable has a linear relationship with the dependent variable. Together the perceptions of perceived susceptibility (perceived vulnerability), perceived severity (perceived danger/pain), perceived benefit (belief in perceived benefits) and perceived barriers (perceived barriers) affect preventive behavior in pregnant women during the COVID-19 period. in Ende City in 2022.

Conclusion: There is a relationship between HBM and preventive behavior in pregnant women during the covid 19 period in Ende City.

Suggestion: Pregnant women should increase preventive behaviour to prevent covid 19 during pregnancy

 

Keywords:  Health Belief Model (HBM); Preventive; Pregnant mother; Covid 19

 

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