Hubungan Hipertensi, Indeks Massa Tubuh, Dan Riwayat Merokok Dengan Derajat Retinopati Diabetik Pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus Tipe 2

Lucky Wilson Immanuel Siregar, Nur Khoma Fatmawati, Eva Rachmi

Sari


Retinopati diabetik (RD) merupakan komplikasi mikrovaskular yang umum terjadi pada penderita diabetes melitus dan menjadi penyebab utama kebutaan pada usia produktif. RD dibagi menjadi non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) dan proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara hipertensi, indeks massa tubuh (IMT), dan riwayat merokok dengan derajat RD. Penelitian menggunakan desain analitik observasional dengan metode cross-sectional yang dilakukan pada bulan Februari 2025 di Klinik Mata SMEC Samarinda. Sebanyak 78 pasien RD diikutsertakan dengan teknik purposive sampling. Karakteristik sampel menunjukkan rerata usia 54,9 tahun, dengan kelompok usia terbanyak 50–59 tahun (41,0%) dan proporsi laki-laki 51,3%. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan bermakna antara hipertensi dengan derajat RD (p = 0,933; OR = 1,05; 95% CI 0,36–3,08), IMT dengan derajat RD (p = 0,345; OR = 1,54; 95% CI 0,63–3,78), maupun riwayat merokok dengan derajat RD (p = 0,560; OR = 1,34; 95% CI 0,50–3,65). Temuan ini menunjukkan bahwa pada sampel klinik ini, derajat RD tidak dapat dijelaskan hanya oleh hipertensi, IMT, dan riwayat merokok, sehingga penilaian faktor risiko lain seperti kontrol glikemik, lama diabetes, dan komorbid metabolik tetap penting dalam praktik klinis.


Kata Kunci


Retinopati Diabetik; Retinopati Diabetik Nonproliferatif; Retinopati Diabetik Proliferatif; Hipertensi; Indeks Massa Tubuh

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Referensi


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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jikk.v13i6.23714

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