Upaya Pencegahan Diabetic Foot Ulcer pada Penyandang Diabetes Mellitus melalui Edukasi Kesehatan dengan Penerapan Teknologi Berbasis Website

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ABSTRAK

Posyandu Menur terletak di Desa Tirtonirmolo, Kapanewon Kasihan, Kabupaten Bantul, Provinsi Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Posyandu Menur memiliki anggota aktif sejumlah 152 orang, 62 orang diantaranya (40,78%) menderita penyakit Diabetes Mellitus, 17 dari 62 orang (27,42%) telah mengalami diabetic foot ulcer, bahkan sudah terjadi luka gangren dan infeksi dan 7 dari 62 orang (11,29%) sudah menjalani amputasi kaki. Diabetic foot ulcer yang tidak ditangani dengan tepat dan rutin dapat meningkatkan risiko amputasi. Amputasi berdampak buruk terhadap kualitas hidup penyandang Diabetes Mellitus dan meningkatkan ketergantungan terhadap keluarga dan pelayanan kesehatan. Amputasi dapat menyebabkan depresi, cemas, reaksi penolakan, berduka bahkan keinginan bunuh diri. Pemberdayaan berbasis masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan dan ketrampilan penyandang Diabetes Mellitus tentang diabetic foot self-care sebagai upaya pencegahan diabetic foot ulcer. Pelaksanaan pemberdayaan berbasis masyarakat ini diawali dengan kegiatan sosialisasi dan focus group discussion bersama dengan pengurus Posyandu Menur dan Puskesmas Kasihan 2 tentang Plan of Action (PoA) dan Tem of Reference (ToR) kegiatan serta pemaparan teknologi berbasis website. Tahap selanjutnya, pemberian edukasi kesehatan dengan metode pelatihan dan workshop melalui penerapan teknologi berbasis website, website tersebut dapat diakses dimanapun dan kapanpun, diakses berulang kali secara gratis melalui smartphone. Website tersebut berisi artikel, gambar dan video animasi 2D. Hasil:Kegiatan Pemberdayaan berbasis masyarakat ini diikuti oleh 35 orang penyandang Diabetes Mellitus, dan diselenggarakan di Posyandu Menur. Rata-rata usia responden adalah 52,08±2,35 tahun. Mayoritas penyandang Diabetes Mellitus, berjenis kelamin perempuan (97,14%), sebagian besar berlatar pendidikan SMA (74,29%) dan mempunyai pekerjaan wiraswasta (65,71%). Pengetahuan tentang diabetic foot self care sebagai upaya pencegahan diabetic foot ulcer sebelum intervensi pada kategori baik hanya 8,6%, sedangan pengetahuan setelah intervensi pada kategori baik meningkat mencapai 85,7%, dengan p-value 0,000 artinya terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan, pengetahuan antara sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Ketrampilan tentang teknik/cara/prosedur diabetic foot self-care sebelum intervensi pada kategori baik hanya 8,6%, sedangan ketrampilan setelah intervensi pada kategori baik meningkat mencapai 85,7%, dengan p-value 0,000 artinya terdapat perbedaan secara signifikan, ketrampilan sebelum dan sesudah intervensi. Media edukasi kesehatan dengan penerapan teknologi berbasis website berdampak positif bagi pengetahuan dan ketrampilan penyandang Diabetes Mellitus dalam upaya pencegahan diabetic foot ulcer. Diharapkan keberlanjutan program kegiatan ini dapat dilakukan secara berkelanjutan dengan dukungan dari puskesmas setempat agar penderita Diabetes Mellitus dapat melakukan pencegahan diabetic foot ulcer secara mandiri dan berkelanjutan. 

Kata Kunci: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Diabetic Foot Self-Care, Media Edukasi Kesehatan, Posyandu, Website

ABSTRACT

Posyandu Menur is located in Tirtonirmolo Village, Kasihan District, Bantul Regency, Special Region of Yogyakarta Province. Out of the 152 active members of Posyandu Menur, 62 (40.78%) have diabetes mellitus, 17 out of 62 (27.42%) have diabetic foot ulcers, some of which have even resulted in infections and gangrene, and 7 out of 62 (11.29%) have had their feet amputated. Untreated diabetic foot ulcers can increase the risk of amputation. Diabetes mellitus patients' quality of life is adversely affected by amputation, which also makes them more reliant on family and medical assistance. Anxiety, sadness, suicide thoughts, denial responses, and despair can all be brought on by amputation.  The goal of this community-based empowerment program is to help people with diabetes mellitus prevent diabetic foot ulcers by improving their knowledge and abilities about diabetic foot self-care. The implementation of this community-based empowerment began with socialization activities and focus group discussions with the Posyandu Menur and Puskesmas Kasihan 2 administrators about the Plan of Action (PoA) and Terms of Reference (ToR) of the activities, as well as a presentation on website-based technology. The next stage involves providing health education through training and workshops using website-based technology. The website can be accessed anywhere and anytime and can be accessed repeatedly for free via smartphone. The website contains articles, images, and 2D animated videos.  This community-based empowerment activity was attended by 35 people with diabetes mellitus and was held at Posyandu Menur. The average age of the respondents is 52.08±2.35 years. The majority of diabetes mellitus patients are female (97.14%), most of whom have a high school education (74.29%) and are self-employed (65.71%). Knowledge about diabetic foot self-care as an effort to prevent diabetic foot ulcers before the intervention in the good category was only 8.6%, while knowledge after the intervention in the good category increased to 85.7%, with a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant difference in knowledge before and after the intervention. Skills about the techniques, methods, and procedures of diabetic foot self-care before the intervention in the good category were only 8.6%, while skills after the intervention in the good category increased to 85.7%, with a p-value of 0.000, indicating a significant difference in skills before and after the intervention. Diabetes mellitus patients' knowledge and abilities in preventing diabetic foot ulcers are positively impacted by health education media that uses web-based technology. It is intended that this program will continue to be sustainable with the help of the neighborhood health center, enabling people with diabetes mellitus to avoid diabetic foot ulcers on their own and in a sustainable manner.

Keywords: Diabetic Foot Ulcer, Diabetic Foot Self-Care, Health Education Media, Posyandu, Web