Art Therapy dan Terapi Aktifitas Kelompok dalam Mengurangi Tingkat Depresi pada Lansia di Panti Wredha Garut

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ABSTRAK

Depresi pada lansia, khususnya yang tinggal di panti, sering dipicu oleh kesepian, keterbatasan fisik, dan rendahnya dukungan sosial. Intervensi berbasis seni, seperti Art Therapy dan Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok (TAK), berpotensi menurunkan gejala depresi. Skrining menggunakan Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) pada 63 lansia di Griya Lansia Garut menunjukkan 61,9% tidak depresi, 28,6% depresi ringan, 7,9% sedang, dan 1,6% berat, yang mengindikasikan perlunya intervensi psikososial. Program manajemen kesehatan dilaksanakan secara partisipatif melalui TAK melukis dengan musik, terapi musik, edukasi bagi 16 pegawai panti, serta rujukan lansia dengan depresi sedang–berat ke layanan kejiwaan. Hasil pretest–posttest GDS menunjukkan perbaikan kondisi mental, ditandai dengan meningkatnya jumlah lansia tanpa depresi (23 menjadi 34 orang) dan menurunnya depresi ringan (14 menjadi 8 orang), serta peningkatan skor pengetahuan pegawai (90 menjadi 98). Lansia menunjukkan respons emosional positif, peningkatan interaksi sosial, dan relaksasi. Intervensi ini efektif menurunkan gejala depresi dan meningkatkan kesejahteraan emosional lansia, serta berpotensi menjadi program berkelanjutan. Panti disarankan meningkatkan frekuensi dan variasi terapi, menyediakan fasilitas seni–musik, serta melatih pegawai dalam intervensi psikososial. Dukungan lintas sektor diperlukan melalui kebijakan, pendanaan, skrining depresi rutin, dan pelatihan tenaga kesehatan, dengan keterlibatan keluarga dan masyarakat. Penelitian selanjutnya disarankan menggunakan desain longitudinal dan uji acak terkontrol berbasis komunitas untuk memperkuat generalisasi temuan. 

Kata Kunci: Depresi Lansia, Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok, Art Therapy, Terapi Musik, Griya Lansia Garut.

ABSTRACT

Depression among older adults, particularly those residing in nursing homes, is often triggered by loneliness, physical limitations, and low levels of social support. Art-based interventions, such as Art Therapy and Group Activity Therapy (Terapi Aktivitas Kelompok/TAK), have the potential to reduce depressive symptoms. Screening using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) among 63 older adults at Griya Lansia Garut showed that 61.9% were not depressed, 28.6% had mild depression, 7.9% moderate depression, and 1.6% severe depression, indicating a need for psychosocial interventions.A participatory health management program was implemented through group painting with music, music therapy, education for 16 nursing home staff members, and referrals of older adults with moderate to severe depression to mental health services. Pretest–posttest GDS results demonstrated improvements in mental health, reflected by an increase in the number of non-depressed participants (from 23 to 34) and a decrease in mild depression (from 14 to 8), along with improved staff knowledge scores (from 90 to 98). Older adults showed positive emotional responses, enhanced social interaction, and relaxation. This intervention was effective in reducing depressive symptoms and improving emotional well-being among older adults, with potential for development as a sustainable program. Nursing homes are encouraged to increase the frequency and variety of therapeutic activities, provide art and music facilities, and train staff in psychosocial interventions. Cross-sectoral support is needed through policies, funding, routine depression screening, and health worker training, with the involvement of families and communities. Future research is recommended to employ longitudinal designs and community-based randomized controlled trials to strengthen the generalizability of the findings.

Keywords: Depression in Older Adults, Group Activity Therapy, Art Therapy, Music Therapy, Griya Lansia Garut.