Program Edukasi Berbasis Theory of Planned Behavior untuk Mencegah Kekerasan Seksual Pada Remaja di SMKN 2 Pangandaran

Sari

ABSTRAK

Kekerasan seksual pada remaja merupakan isu kesehatan masyarakat dan pendidikan yang membutuhkan intervensi komprehensif berbasis pendekatan perilaku. Remaja berada pada fase perkembangan yang rentan dan dipengaruhi oleh norma sosial, persepsi diri, serta lingkungan pergaulan. Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) menawarkan kerangka konseptual untuk membangun niat dan perilaku protektif melalui penguatan sikap, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku yang dirasakan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan program edukasi berbasis TPB yang terstruktur dan sesuai konteks sekolah kejuruan untuk mencegah kekerasan seksual pada remaja. Mengetahui efektivitas program edukasi berbasis TPB dalam meningkatkan pengetahuan, membentuk sikap positif, memperkuat norma protektif, dan meningkatkan kontrol diri remaja SMKN 2 Pangandaran dalam pencegahan kekerasan seksual. Kegiatan dilaksanakan sebagai program pengabdian masyarakat dengan pendekatan edukasi partisipatif berbasis TPB melalui penyuluhan, diskusi interaktif, simulasi situasi, pembentukan kesepakatan norma positif sekolah, serta pendampingan tindak lanjut. Evaluasi dilakukan melalui observasi proses, refleksi peserta, serta penilaian perubahan pemahaman dan kesiapan perilaku protektif. Program edukasi berjalan efektif, sistematis, dan diterima baik oleh peserta. Remaja menunjukkan peningkatan pemahaman mengenai bentuk, risiko, dan mekanisme pencegahan kekerasan seksual; terbentuk sikap lebih kritis terhadap perilaku berisiko; muncul dukungan norma sosial yang lebih kuat terhadap pencegahan kekerasan seksual; serta peningkatan keyakinan diri dalam mengambil keputusan aman dan melindungi diri. Program edukasi berbasis TPB di SMKN 2 Pangandaran terbukti mampu memperkuat kapasitas remaja dalam pencegahan kekerasan seksual melalui penguatan aspek sikap, norma subjektif, dan kontrol perilaku. Program ini direkomendasikan untuk diimplementasikan secara berkelanjutan serta diadaptasi pada sekolah lain dengan dukungan kolaborasi sekolah, tenaga kesehatan, orang tua, dan pemangku kebijakan.

Kata Kunci: Edukasi Kesehatan, Kekerasan Seksual, Remaja, Sekolah, Theory of Planned Behavior.

ABSTRACT

Sexual violence among adolescents is a public health and educational issue that requires comprehensive interventions grounded in behavioral approaches. Adolescents are in a vulnerable developmental phase and are influenced by social norms, self-perception, and peer environments. The Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) provides a conceptual framework for developing protective intentions and behaviors through the strengthening of attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control. Therefore, a structured TPB-based educational program that aligns with the context of vocational schools is needed to prevent sexual violence among adolescents. To determine the effectiveness of a TPB-based educational program in improving knowledge, shaping positive attitudes, strengthening protective norms, and enhancing self-control among students at SMKN 2 Pangandaran in preventing sexual violence. The program was implemented as a community service activity using a participatory TPB-based educational approach through health education sessions, interactive discussions, situation simulations, the establishment of positive school norms, and follow-up mentoring. Evaluation was carried out through process observation, participant reflection, and assessments of changes in understanding and readiness to engage in protective behaviors. The educational program was conducted effectively, systematically, and was well received by participants. Adolescents demonstrated improved understanding of the forms, risks, and prevention mechanisms of sexual violence; developed more critical attitudes toward risky behaviors; showed stronger social support for sexual violence prevention; and exhibited greater confidence in making safe decisions and protecting themselves. The TPB-based educational program at SMKN 2 Pangandaran effectively strengthened adolescents’ capacity to prevent sexual violence by enhancing attitudes, subjective norms, and behavioral control. This program is recommended for continuous implementation and adaptation in other schools with the support of collaboration between educational institutions, health professionals, parents, and policymakers. 

Keywords: Adolescent, Health Education, School, Sexual Violence, Theory of Planned Behavior