Penguatan Model Edukasi Home-Based Wound Care Dalam Perawatan Luka di Komunitas untuk Mencegah Komplikasi

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ABSTRAK

Luka kronis merupakan masalah kesehatan yang banyak dijumpai di komunitas, terutama pada pasien dengan penyakit kronis, dan berisiko menimbulkan komplikasi apabila tidak dirawat sesuai prinsip perawatan luka berbasis bukti. Keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan pasien serta keluarga dalam melakukan perawatan luka di rumah menjadi salah satu faktor utama terjadinya keterlambatan penyembuhan dan komplikasi. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat ini bertujuan untuk memperkuat model edukasi home-based wound care dalam perawatan luka kronis di komunitas sebagai upaya pencegahan komplikasi. Kegiatan menggunakan pendekatan community-based participatorymelalui edukasi dan pendampingan perawatan luka berbasis rumah. Sasaran kegiatan adalah pasien dengan luka kronis dan anggota keluarga sebagai caregiver. Intervensi meliputi edukasi terstruktur, demonstrasi dan praktik perawatan luka, serta pendampingan melalui kunjungan rumah secara berkala. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan observasi perkembangan luka dan pemantauan penerapan praktik perawatan luka selama periode pendampingan. Selama rangkaian kunjungan, terlihat progres penyembuhan luka yang konsisten, ditandai dengan peningkatan jaringan granulasi, penurunan eksudat, penyempitan luas luka, serta munculnya epitelisasi tanpa ditemukannya komplikasi. Selain itu, pasien dan keluarga menunjukkan peningkatan kemampuan dan kemandirian dalam melakukan perawatan luka secara mandiri di rumah. Penguatan model edukasi home-based wound care efektif dalam mendukung penyembuhan luka kronis dan mencegah komplikasi di komunitas. Model ini berpotensi untuk direplikasi dan diintegrasikan dalam layanan keperawatan komunitas dan layanan kesehatan primer.

Kata Kunci: Luka Kronis, Home-Based Wound Care, Edukasi Kesehatan, Keperawatan Komunitas, Pengabdian Masyarakat.

ABSTRACT

Chronic wounds are a common health problem in community settings, particularly among patients with chronic diseases, and pose a high risk of complications if not managed according to evidence-based wound care principles. Limited knowledge and skills among patients and family caregivers in performing home wound care remain major contributors to delayed healing and complications. This community service activity aimed to strengthen a home-based wound care education model for the management of chronic wounds in the community as a strategy to prevent complications. A community-based participatory approach was applied through structured education and home-based wound care assistance. The target participants were patients with chronic wounds and their family members as primary caregivers. The intervention included wound care education, demonstrations and hands-on practice, as well as regular home visits for ongoing assistance. Evaluation was conducted through observation of wound healing progress and monitoring of wound care practices during the assistance period. Throughout the series of visits, consistent wound healing progress was observed, characterized by improved granulation tissue, reduced exudate, decreased wound size, and progressive epithelialization without signs of complications. In addition, patients and family caregivers demonstrated improved skills and greater independence in performing wound care at home. Strengthening the home-based wound care education model effectively supports chronic wound healing and prevents complications in community settings. This model has the potential to be replicated and integrated into community nursing and primary healthcare services

Keywords: Chronic Wounds, Home-Based Wound Care, Health Education, Community Nursing, Community Service.