Efektivitas Edukasi Penanganan Serangan Jantung dan Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) terhadap Peningkatan Pengetahuan Kader Kesehatan: Studi Pretest–Posttest di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Jatipulo II

Sari

ABSTRAK

Penyakit kardiovaskular masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian, sementara keberhasilan pertolongan pada serangan jantung mendadak sangat dipengaruhi oleh respons awal dan kemampuan melakukan Resusitasi Jantung Paru (RJP) pada fase pra-rumah sakit. Di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Jatipulo II, masih ditemukan keterbatasan pengetahuan dan kesiapsiagaan kader kesehatan terkait penanganan serangan jantung dan RJP. Menilai tingkat pengetahuan kader sebelum edukasi, menguji efektivitas edukasi penanganan serangan jantung dan RJP terhadap peningkatan pengetahuan, serta mengidentifikasi aspek pengetahuan dengan peningkatan paling menonjol. Kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat (PkM) menggunakan desain pretest–posttest melalui penyuluhan/edukasi kesehatan disertai diskusi. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada 17 September 2024 di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Jatipulo II dengan 30 kader kesehatan sebagai responden yang mengisi kuesioner lengkap. Evaluasi dilakukan dengan membandingkan proporsi jawaban benar sebelum dan sesudah edukasi pada 7 item pengetahuan, serta deskripsi sikap terkait kesiapan, keyakinan efektivitas RJP, dan persepsi pentingnya edukasi. Seluruh item pengetahuan meningkat pada posttest (dari kisaran 13,3%–50% menjadi 70%–93,3%). Peningkatan menonjol terjadi pada item langkah pertama melakukan RJP pada dewasa (13,3% → 83,3%), disusul pengenalan gejala serangan jantung (40,0% → 93,3%) dan definisi serangan jantung (40,0% → 86,7%). Namun, pemahaman langkah pertama saat menghadapi serangan jantung meski meningkat (50,0% → 70,0%) masih relatif lebih rendah dibanding indikator lain. Dari sisi sikap, 50,0% peserta menyatakan siap/sangat siap melakukan pertolongan pertama, 50,0% yakin/sangat yakin terhadap efektivitas RJP, dan 76,7% menilai edukasi penting/sangat penting. Edukasi penanganan serangan jantung dan RJP pada kader kesehatan di wilayah kerja Puskesmas Kelurahan Jatipulo II efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan secara konsisten, dengan dampak paling besar pada pemahaman langkah awal RJP. Meski demikian, aspek respons awal saat serangan jantung serta kesiapan/kepercayaan diri peserta masih perlu diperkuat melalui pelatihan berulang, simulasi berbasis skenario, dan program rutin di tingkat komunitas.

Kata Kunci: Serangan Jantung, Resusitasi Jantung Paru, Edukasi Kesehatan, Kader Kesehatan, Pretest–Posttest.

ABSTRACT

Cardiovascular disease remains a leading cause of death worldwide, and survival in sudden cardiac events largely depends on timely pre-hospital response and the ability to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In the service area of Jatipulo II Primary Health Center, knowledge and preparedness among health cadres regarding heart attack management and CPR were reported to be limited. To assess cadres’ baseline knowledge prior to education, evaluate the effectiveness of heart attack and CPR education in improving knowledge, and identify the knowledge domains with the most pronounced improvement. This community service program employed a one-group pretest–posttest design through structured health education and discussion. The activity was conducted on 17 September 2024 in the service area of Jatipulo II Primary Health Center with 30 health cadres who completed the questionnaire. Evaluation compared correct response proportions across seven knowledge items before and after education, and descriptively assessed attitudes toward readiness, perceived CPR effectiveness, and perceived importance of education. All knowledge items improved after the intervention (from 13.3%–50% to 70%–93.3% correct responses). The largest improvement was observed in the item on the first step of adult CPR (13.3% → 83.3%), followed by recognition of heart attack symptoms (40.0% → 93.3%) and definition of heart attack (40.0% → 86.7%). However, the item addressing the first action when encountering a heart attack—although improved (50.0% → 70.0%)—remained comparatively lower than other indicators. Regarding attitudes, 50.0% of participants reported being ready/very ready to provide first aid, 50.0% were confident/very confident in CPR effectiveness, and 76.7% considered education important/very important. Heart attack and CPR education delivered to health cadres in the Jatipulo II Primary Health Center area was effective in consistently improving knowledge, with the greatest impact on early CPR steps. Further reinforcement is needed to enhance initial response decision-making and participants’ readiness/self-confidence through repeated training, scenario-based simulations, and routine community-level programs.

Keywords: Heart Attack, Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation, Health Education, Health Cadres, Pretest–Posttest.