Upaya Pemberdayaan Kader Posyandu dalam Rangka Pencegahan Kejadian Preeklampsia pada Ibu Hamil di Posyandu Kelurahan Wonorejo

Sari

ABSTRAK

Preeklamsia merupakan salah satu penyebab utama morbiditas dan mortalitas ibu dan perinatal di dunia, termasuk di Indonesia (Sibai, 2022; Say et al., 2014). Kondisi ini ditandai dengan hipertensi dan proteinuria setelah usia kehamilan 20 minggu dan berkontribusi besar terhadap kematian ibu, terutama di negara berkembang. Ibu hamil dan kader posyandu memiliki peran penting dalam upaya deteksi dini dan pencegahan preeklamsia melalui peningkatan pengetahuan, pemantauan tekanan darah, serta kunjungan antenatal teratur (Kementerian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia, 2022). Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan memberdayakan kader posyandu dan meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil mengenai faktor risiko, tanda gejala, serta upaya pencegahan preeklamsia di Posyandu Kelurahan Wonorejo. Kegiatan dilaksanakan pada 20 Mei 2025 dengan sasaran 25 ibu hamil yang mengikuti penyuluhan interaktif, pemeriksaan tekanan darah, dan skrining protein urin, disertai pre-test dan post-test untuk evaluasi pengetahuan. Hasil menunjukkan rata-rata nilai pre-test 55,2 meningkat menjadi 88,4 pada post-test, dengan peningkatan 33,2 poin (sekitar 60,2%), dan ditemukan 2 ibu hamil dengan tekanan darah ≥140/90 mmHg yang kemudian dirujuk ke fasilitas Kegiatan ini membuktikan bahwa pendidikan kesehatan terstruktur berbasis posyandu yang melibatkan kader dan tenaga kesehatan efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan ibu hamil serta mendukung deteksi dini risiko preeklamsia. Disarankan agar penyuluhan dan skrining sederhana (tekanan darah dan urin) dilakukan secara berkala di posyandu dengan keterlibatan aktif kader.

Kata Kunci: Preeklamsia, Ibu Hamil, Kader Posyandu, Pendidikan Kesehatan, Pencegahan.

ABSTRACT

Preeclampsia is one of the leading causes of maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality worldwide, including in Indonesia (Sibai, 2022; Say et al., 2014). This condition is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation and significantly contributes to maternal deaths, particularly in developing countries. Pregnant women and community health volunteers (posyandu cadres) play an important role in early detection and prevention of preeclampsia through improved knowledge, regular blood pressure monitoring, and adherence to antenatal care visits. This community service activity aimed to empower posyandu cadres and to improve pregnant women’s knowledge regarding risk factors, clinical signs, and preventive efforts of preeclampsia at Wonorejo Posyandu. The program was conducted on May 20th, 2025, involving 25 pregnant women who participated in an interactive health education session, blood pressure measurement, and urine protein screening, accompanied by pre-test and post-test to evaluate knowledge. The results showed that the mean pre-test score of 55.2 increased to 88.4 in the post-test, with an improvement of 33.2 points (around 60.2%), and two pregnant women with blood pressure ≥140/90 mmHg were identified and referred to health. This activity demonstrated that structured health education at the community level, involving cadres and health professionals, is effective in improving pregnant women’s knowledge and supporting early detection of preeclampsia risk.Regular counseling and simple screening (blood pressure and urine tests) at posyandu with active cadre involvement are strongly recommended.

Keywords: Preeclampsia, Pregnant Women, Posyandu Cadres, Health Education, Prevention.