Pemberdayaan Ibu Hamil melalui Program 1000 HPK sebagai Strategi Mewujudkan Generasi Sehat Bebas Stunting

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ABSTRAK

Stunting merupakan masalah gizi kronis yang terjadi akibat kekurangan gizi dalam waktu lama, infeksi berulang, serta kurangnya pemahaman keluarga mengenai pentingnya pemenuhan gizi sejak masa kehamilan hingga anak berusia dua tahun atau dikenal sebagai 1.000 Hari Pertama Kehidupan (HPK). Upaya pencegahan stunting harus dimulai sejak masa kehamilan karena status gizi ibu hamil sangat menentukan pertumbuhan dan perkembangan janin. Desa Pasar Keong, Kecamatan Cibadak, Kabupaten Lebak merupakan salah satu wilayah dengan permasalahan stunting yang masih cukup tinggi, yaitu terdapat 55 balita stunting dari total 407 balita. Salah satu faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap kondisi tersebut adalah masih terbatasnya pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu hamil mengenai pentingnya Program 1.000 HPK dalam mencegah stunting. Oleh karena itu, dilakukan kegiatan pengabdian kepada masyarakat berupa pendampingan Program 1.000 HPK untuk meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan tindakan ibu hamil dalam upaya pencegahan stunting. Sasaran kegiatan ini adalah 20 ibu hamil di Desa Pasar Keong. Kegiatan yang dilaksanakan meliputi edukasi kesehatan mengenai Program 1.000 HPK, demonstrasi penyusunan menu gizi seimbang dengan konsep Isi Piringku, pendampingan, serta pemantauan melalui kegiatan Posyandu yang melibatkan bidan desa dan tenaga kesehatan. Evaluasi dilakukan menggunakan pre-test dan post-test untuk mengukur perubahan pengetahuan dan sikap, serta observasi terhadap perubahan perilaku ibu hamil. Sebelum diberikan edukasi, rata-rata nilai pengetahuan ibu hamil sebesar 60 dan nilai sikap sebesar 40. Setelah mengikuti kegiatan pendampingan, rata-rata nilai pengetahuan meningkat menjadi 90 dan nilai sikap meningkat menjadi 80. Selain itu, ibu hamil menunjukkan perubahan perilaku yang positif, ditandai dengan meningkatnya kemampuan dalam menerapkan pola makan bergizi seimbang menggunakan konsep Isi Piringku, melakukan pemantauan kehamilan secara rutin, menerapkan Perilaku Hidup Bersih dan Sehat (PHBS), mempersiapkan pemberian ASI eksklusif, serta memahami pentingnya pemenuhan gizi ibu dan anak sebagai upaya pencegahan stunting. Ibu hamil juga mampu menjelaskan kembali materi edukasi, memilih bahan makanan bergizi, serta memanfaatkan metode food recall sebagai bagian dari pemantauan konsumsi makanan sehari-hari. Kegiatan pendampingan Program 1.000 HPK terbukti mampu meningkatkan pengetahuan, sikap, dan perilaku ibu hamil dalam pencegahan stunting sehingga perlu dilakukan secara berkelanjutan melalui dukungan tenaga kesehatan, kader Posyandu, pemerintah desa, dan lintas sektor sebagai upaya percepatan penurunan angka stunting di masyarakat.

Kata Kunci: 1000 HPK, Ibu Hamil, Stunting, Pemberdayaan.

ABSTRACT

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by prolonged undernutrition, recurrent infections, and limited family awareness regarding the importance of adequate nutrition from pregnancy until a child reaches two years of age, commonly referred to as the First 1,000 Days of Life (1,000 HPK). Stunting prevention should begin during pregnancy because the nutritional status of pregnant women plays a crucial role in fetal growth and development. Pasar Keong Village, Cibadak District, Lebak Regency, is one of the areas with a relatively high prevalence of stunting, with 55 out of 407 children under five affected. One of the contributing factors is the limited knowledge, attitudes, and practices of pregnant women regarding the importance of the First 1,000 Days of Life Program in preventing stunting. Therefore, a community service program was implemented through mentoring based on the First 1,000 Days of Life (1,000 HPK) Program to improve pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices toward stunting prevention. The program targeted 20 pregnant women in Pasar Keong Village. The activities included health education on the First 1,000 Days of Life Program, demonstrations on preparing balanced nutritious meals using the My Plate concept, individualized mentoring, and monitoring through Integrated Health Service Posts (Posyandu) in collaboration with village midwives and other healthcare personnel. Program evaluation was conducted using pre-test and post-test assessments to measure changes in knowledge and attitudes, as well as observations of participants' behavioral changes. Before the educational intervention, the mean knowledge score of the pregnant women was 60, while the mean attitude score was 40. Following the mentoring program, the mean knowledge score increased to 90, and the mean attitude score improved to 80. In addition, positive behavioral changes were observed, as evidenced by the participants' increased ability to apply balanced nutrition using the My Plate concept, attend routine antenatal care visits, practice Clean and Healthy Living Behaviors (PHBS), prepare for exclusive breastfeeding, and understand the importance of meeting maternal and child nutritional needs to prevent stunting. The participants were also able to explain the educational materials, select healthy food choices, and apply the food recall method to monitor their daily dietary intake. The mentoring program based on the First 1,000 Days of Life (1,000 HPK) successfully improved pregnant women's knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding stunting prevention. Therefore, the program should be sustained through continuous support from healthcare workers, Posyandu cadres, village authorities, and cross-sector collaboration to accelerate stunting reduction at the community level.

Keywords: 1000 HPK, Pregnant Women, Stunting, Empowerment.