Implementasi Psychoeducation Terhadap Penerimaan Ibu dalam Merawat Anak dengan Thalasemia Mayor

Kareniva Tsuroyya, Mamat Lukman, Dadang Purnama

Sari


ABSTRAK

 

Thalasemia mayor merupakan penyakit genetik kronik yang mengharuskan anak menjalani transfusi darah rutin seumur hidup. Kondisi ini tidak hanya berdampak pada anak secara fisik, tetapi juga menimbulkan tekanan psikologis mendalam bagi ibu sebagai pengasuh utama, yang secara klinis kerap menunjukkan tanda-tanda proses penerimaan yang belum selesai berupa pertanyaan berulang tentang prognosis, kekhawatiran tentang kehidupan normal anak, perasaan bersalah, dan kecemasan yang persisten meskipun perawatan fisik anak tetap dijalankan. Melaporkan implementasi psychoeducation dalam mendukung proses penerimaan ibu terhadap kondisi anak dengan thalasemia mayor, serta mengevaluasi perubahan respons psikologis ibu secara kuantitatif dan kualitatif selama pelaksanaan kegiatan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan dengan pendekatan asuhan keperawatan keluarga yang merujuk pada SDKI, SLKI, dan SIKI, melalui 9 kali kunjungan rumah pada bulan Mei 2026 di Kota Bandung, dengan evaluasi kuantitatif menggunakan Caregiver Strain Index (CSI) serta evaluasi kualitatif melalui dokumentasi respons subjektif dan objektif ibu per sesi. Setelah 9 sesi psychoeducation, skor CSI ibu menurun dari 9/13 menjadi 5/13; secara kualitatif, pertanyaan emosional berulang yang mencerminkan denial berangsur berkurang, ekspresi cemas dan tangis berganti menjadi ekspresi tenang dan percaya diri, serta ibu mampu mengungkapkan penerimaan yang lebih adaptif pada sesi akhir. Psychoeducation yang dilaksanakan secara terstruktur dan berkelanjutan terbukti efektif dalam mendukung proses penerimaan ibu terhadap kondisi anak dengan thalasemia mayor. Pendekatan ini direkomendasikan sebagai komponen standar asuhan keperawatan keluarga pada anak dengan penyakit kronis dan dapat direplikasi oleh perawat komunitas pada keluarga dengan kondisi serupa.

 

Kata Kunci: Penerimaan, Psychoeducation, Thalasemia Mayor, Ibu, Asuhan Keperawatan Keluarga.

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

Thalassemia major is a chronic genetic disorder requiring lifelong blood transfusions, imposing significant psychological burden on mothers as primary caregivers, who often displayed signs of incomplete acceptance such as repetitive questions about prognosis, persistent worry about the child's future, guilt, and ongoing anxiety despite maintaining routine caregiving. This report aimed to describe the implementation of psychoeducation in supporting maternal acceptance and to evaluate psychological response changes through quantitative and qualitative measures. The activity was conducted using a family nursing approach referring to SDKI, SLKI, and SIKI standards, through 9 home visits in May 2026 in Bandung City; quantitative evaluation used the Caregiver Strain Index (CSI), while qualitative evaluation documented the mother's subjective and objective responses per session. After 9 psychoeducation sessions, the CSI score decreased from 9/13 to 5/13; qualitatively, repetitive emotional questions reflecting denial gradually diminished, anxious expressions gave way to calm and confidence, and the mother articulated more adaptive acceptance by the final session. Structured and continuous psychoeducation was effective in supporting maternal acceptance of a child's condition with thalassemia major. This approach is recommended as a standard component of family nursing care for children with chronic illness and may be replicated by community nurses for families in similar situations.

 

Keywords: Acceptance, Psychoeducation, Thalassemia Major, Mother, Family Nursing Care.


Kata Kunci


Penerimaan; Psychoeducation; Thalasemia Mayor; Ibu; Asuhan Keperawatan Keluarga

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/jkpm.v9i10.27581

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