Edukasi Bahaya Paparan Asap Rokok melalui Pendekatan Health Belief Model (HBM) Pada Keluarga dengan Bayi Usia 1 Bulan

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ABSTRAK

Paparan secondhand smoke (SHS) dan thirdhand smoke (THS) merupakan masalah kesehatan yang berisiko bagi bayi karena sistem imun dan sistem pernapasannya belum berkembang optimal, sementara kurangnya pengetahuan keluarga mengenai bahaya asap rokok turut meningkatkan risiko paparan pada bayi. Mendeskripsikan pelaksanaan kegiatan edukasi kesehatan berbasis Health Belief Model (HBM) pada keluarga dengan bayi usia 1 bulan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan melalui pendekatan asuhan keperawatan keluarga pada satu keluarga binaan dengan bayi usia 1 bulan yang memiliki kebiasaan merokok di lingkungan rumah, meliputi tahap pengkajian, penyusunan intervensi, implementasi edukasi berbasis HBM (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, dan cues to action), serta evaluasi melalui wawancara dan observasi. Setelah kegiatan edukasi, terjadi peningkatan pengetahuan keluarga mengenai SHS, THS, serta dampaknya terhadap kesehatan bayi, dan keluarga mulai menerapkan perilaku pencegahan seperti merokok di luar rumah, mengganti pakaian, serta membersihkan diri sebelum berinteraksi dengan bayi. Edukasi kesehatan berbasis HBM efektif meningkatkan pengetahuan dan mendorong perubahan perilaku keluarga dalam melindungi bayi dari paparan SHS dan THS. Perawat dan tenaga kesehatan diharapkan menerapkan pendekatan HBM secara berkelanjutan pada keluarga dengan anggota rentan terhadap paparan asap rokok sebagai bagian dari upaya promosi kesehatan masyarakat. 

Kata Kunci: Health Belief Model, Edukasi Kesehatan, Asap Rokok, Bayi, Keluarga.

ABSTRACT

Secondhand smoke (SHS) and thirdhand smoke (THS) exposure posed significant health risks for infants, particularly because their immune and respiratory systems had not yet fully developed, while limited family knowledge regarding cigarette smoke hazards increased infants' exposure risk. This activity aimed to describe the implementation of Health Belief Model (HBM)-based health education in a family with a one-month-old infant. The activity was carried out through a family nursing care approach with one target family whose infant was exposed to cigarette smoke due to smoking behavior at home, involving assessment, intervention planning, implementation of HBM-based education (perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits, perceived barriers, and cues to action), and evaluation through interviews and observation. Following the education, family knowledge regarding SHS, THS, and their health impacts on infants increased, and the family began adopting preventive behaviors such as smoking outside the house, changing clothes, and cleaning themselves before interacting with the infant. HBM-based health education was effective in improving family knowledge and encouraging behavioral change to protect infants from SHS and THS exposure. Nurses and health workers were encouraged to sustainably apply the HBM approach in families with members vulnerable to cigarette smoke exposure as part of community health promotion efforts. 

Keywords: Health Belief Model, Health Education, Cigarette Smoke, Infant, Family.