ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of the backward walking program (BWP) on changes in posture control and the risk of falls in the elderly. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a two-group pretest posttest control group design. Forty respondents were divided into two groups, 20 respondents belonged to the experimental group and 20 respondents belonged to the control group. The experimental group was given BWP treatment and the control group was given elderly gymnastics treatment. To measure postural control using a berg balance scale (BBS) and fall risk using a time up and go test (TUGT). Based on Wilcoxon's results, it was shown that there was an influence before and after BWP administration in the experimental group in BBS (p = 0.000) and TUGT (p = 0.000). Furthermore, from Mann Whitney, it is known that in BBS measurements, in the experimental group there was a significant difference with elderly gymnastics (p = 0.000), and in TUGT there was a very significant difference with elderly gymnastics (p = 0.000). The study concluded that BWP is more effective in improving postural control and fall risk in the elderly. And BWP is more effective than elderly gymnastics to improve postural control, and reduce the risk of falls in the elderly.

Keywords: Backward Walking Program, Postural Control, Fall Risk

ABSTRAK

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui efektivitas backward walking program (BWP) terhadap perubahan kontrol postur dan risiko jatuh pada lansia. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain quasi experimental dengan desain two group pretest posttest control group design. Empat puluh responden dibagi menjadi dua kelompok, 20 responden termasuk dalam kelompok eksperimen dan 20 responden termasuk dalam kelompok kontrol. Kelompok eksperimen diberi perlakuan BWP dan kelompok kontrol diberi perlakuan senam lansia. Untuk mengukur kontrol postural menggunakan berg balance scale (BBS) dan risiko jatuh menggunakan time up and go test (TUGT). Berdasarkan hasil wilcoxon menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh sebelum dan sesudah pemberian BWP pada kelompok eksperimen dalam BBS (p=0,000) dan TUGT (p=0,000). Selanjutnya dari mann whitney diketahui bahwa pada pengukuran BBS, pada kelompok eksperimen ada perbedaan yang signifikan dengan senam lansia (p=0,000), dan pada TUGT terdapat perbedaan yang sangat bermakna dengan senam lansia (p=0,000). Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa BWP lebih efektif dalam meningkatkan kontrol postural dan resiko jatuh pada lansia. Serta BWP lebih efektif dibandingkan senam lansia untuk meningkatkan kontrol postural, dan menurunkan risiko jatuh pada lansia.

Kata Kunci: Backward Walking Program, Kontrol Postural, Resiko Jatuh

Aboutorabi, A., Arazpour, M., Bahramizadeh, M., Farahmand, F., & Fadayevatan, R. (2018). Effect Of Vibration On Postural Control And Gait Of Elderly Subjects: A Systematic Review. Aging Clinical And Experimental Research, 30, 713-726.

Ballak, S. B., Degens, H., De Haan, A., & Jaspers, R. T. (2014). Aging Related Changes In Determinants Of Muscle Force Generating Capacity: A Comparison Of Muscle Aging In Men And Male Rodents. Ageing Research Reviews, 14, 43-55.

Beauchet, O., Fantino, B., Allali, G., Muir, S. W., Montero-Odasso, M., & Annweiler, C. (2011). Timed Up And Go Test And Risk Of Falls In Older Adults: A Systematic Review. The Journal Of Nutrition, Health & Aging, 15, 933-938.

Bergland, A. (2012). Fall Risk Factors In Community-Dwelling Elderly People. Norsk Epidemiologi, 22(2).

Choi, J. Y., Son, S. M., & Park, S. H. (2021, September). A Backward Walking Training Program To Improve Balance And Mobility In Children With Cerebral Palsy. In Healthcare (Vol. 9, No. 9, P. 1191). Mdpi.

De Villiers, L., & Kalula, S. Z. (2015). An Approach To Balance Problems And Falls In Elderly Persons: Cme-Article. South African Medical Journal, 105(8), 705-709.

Demark, L., Fox, E. J., Spigel, P. M., Osborne, J., & Rose, D. K. (2019). Clinical Application Of Backward Walking Training To Improve Walking Function, Balance, And Fall-Risk In Acute Stroke: A Case Series. Topics In Stroke Rehabilitation, 26(7), 497-502.

Edwards, E. M., Kegelmeyer, D. A., Kloos, A. D., Nitta, M., Raza, D., Nichols-Larsen, D. S., & Fritz, N. E. (2020). Backward Walking And Dual-Task Assessment Improve Identification Of Gait Impairments And Fall Risk In Individuals With Ms. Multiple Sclerosis International, 2020.

El-Basatiny, H. M. Y., & Abdel-Aziem, A. A. (2015). Effect Of Backward Walking Training On Postural Balance In Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 29(5), 457-467.

El-Basatiny, H. M. Y., & Abdel-Aziem, A. A. (2015). Effect Of Backward Walking Training On Postural Balance In Children With Hemiparetic Cerebral Palsy: A Randomized Controlled Study. Clinical Rehabilitation, 29(5), 457-467.

Foster, H., Demark, L., Spigel, P. M., Rose, D. K., & Fox, E. J. (2016). The Effects Of Backward Walking Training On Balance And Mobility In An Individual With Chronic Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: A Case Report. Physiotherapy Theory And Practice, 32(7), 536-545.

Ghorbanpour, Z., Taghizadeh, G., Seyed, A. H., Pishyareh, E., Farhad, T. G., Bakhshi, E., & Mehdizadeh, H. (2021). Overload Of Anxiety On Postural Control Impairments In Chronic Stroke Survivors: The Role Of External Focus And Cognitive Task On The Automaticity Of Postural Control. Plos One, 16(7) Doi:Https://Doi.Org/10.1371/Journal.Pone.0252131

Hao, W. Y., & Chen, Y. (2011). Backward Walking Training Improves Balance In School-Aged Boys. Sports Medicine, Arthroscopy, Rehabilitation, Therapy & Technology, 3, 1-7.

Kornetti, D. L., Fritz, S. L., Chiu, Y. P., Light, K. E., & Velozo, C. A. (2004). Rating Scale Analysis Of The Berg Balance Scale. Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, 85(7), 1128-1135.

Ku, P. X., Osman, N. A., Yusof, A., & Abas, W. W. (2012). Biomechanical Evaluation Of The Relationship Between Postural Control And Body Mass Index. Journal Of Biomechanics, 45(9), 1638-1642.

Lim, W. Y., Prabhu, S., & Schilling, R. J. (2019). Implantable Cardiac Electronic Devices In The Elderly Population. Arrhythmia & Electrophysiology Review, 8(2), 143.

Lowery, E. M., Brubaker, A. L., Kuhlmann, E., & Kovacs, E. J. (2013). The Aging Lung. Clinical Interventions In Aging, 1489-1496.

Mesquita, L. S. D. A., De Carvalho, F. T., Freire, L. S. D. A., Neto, O. P., & Zângaro, R. A. (2015). Effects Of Two Exercise Protocols On Postural Balance Of Elderly Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Bmc Geriatrics, 15, 1-9.

Munawarah, S., & Triariani, Y. (2019). Pengaruh Pemberian Senam Yoga Terhadap Keseimbangan Statis Pada Lansia 2019. Human Care Journal, 4(2), 101.

Nerul, N. M. (2014). Comparative Study Of Short Term Response Between Maitland Mobilization And Mulligan's Mobilization With Movement Of Hip Joint In Osteoarthritis Of Knee Patients Identified As Per Clinical Prediction Rule. National Editorial Advisory Board, 8(4), 6.

Paladini, A., Fusco, M., Coaccioli, S., Skaper, S. D., & Varrassi, G. (2015). Chronic Pain In The Elderly: The Case For New Therapeutic Strategies. Pain Physician, 18(5), E863.

Park, S. H. (2018). Tools For Assessing Fall Risk In The Elderly: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Aging Clinical And Experimental Research, 30(1), 1-16.

Rose, D. K., Demark, L., Fox, E. J., Clark, D. J., & Wludyka, P. (2018). A Backward Walking Training Program To Improve Balance And Mobility In Acute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal Of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 42(1), 12-21.

Rose, D. K., Demark, L., Fox, E. J., Clark, D. J., & Wludyka, P. (2018). A Backward Walking Training Program To Improve Balance And Mobility In Acute Stroke: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal Of Neurologic Physical Therapy, 42(1), 12-21.

Shishehgar, M., Kerr, D., & Blake, J. (2018). A Systematic Review Of Research Into How Robotic Technology Can Help Older People. Smart Health, 7, 1-18.

Sibley, K. M., Beauchamp, M. K., Van Ooteghem, K., Straus, S. E., & Jaglal, S. B. (2015). Using The Systems Framework For Postural Control To Analyze The Components Of Balance Evaluated In Standardized Balance Measures: A Scoping Review. Archives Of Physical Medicine And Rehabilitation, 96(1), 122-132.

Susi Aulina, K. B. (2017). Pemeriksaan Sistem Sensorik Dan Sistem. Makassar: Universitas Hasanuddin.

Tieland, M., Trouwborst, I., & Clark, B. C. (2018). Skeletal Muscle Performance And Ageing Journal Of Cachexia, Sarcopenia And Muscle 9: 3-19.

Wang, J., Xu, J., & An, R. (2019). Effectiveness Of Backward Walking Training On Balance Performance: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis. Gait & Posture, 68, 466-475.

Wang, J., Zhao, J., Lei, X., & Wang, H. (2018). New Approach For Point Pollution Source Identification In Rivers Based On The Backward Probabilitymethod. Environmental Pollution, 241, 759-774.