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Hubungan Perawatan Kaki Terhadap Risiko Kejadian Ulkus pada Pasien Diabetes Melitus di RSUD Kardinah Kota Tegal
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ABSTRACT
Long-standing diabetes mellitus can cause neuropathy complications, namely the loss of sensory function due to damage to the peripheral and autonomic nervous systems, which begins distally in the lower extremities. This can cause ulcers or wounds due to several reasons, including anatomical changes, pressure area development, and trauma repeation during walking caused by sensitivity decreas of the foot nerves leading to skin damage. Therefore, prevention and foot care, initial screening, and health education about diabetic feet are necessary. However, this greatly depends on the patient’s level of compliance in carring out these actions independently at home. Regular foot care is suspected not to be the main factor in preventing the risk of diabetic ulcers. Therefore, the study aims to identify the relationship between foot care and the risk of ulcers in DM patients in Kardinah Hospital Tegal. The method used involved administering a questionnaire to determine the home foot care habits of diabetic patients, followed by a physical examination of the feet as well as Ipswich Test (IpTT) and the Michigan Neuropathy Screening Instrument (MNSC). The total number of respondents were 51 people, that the population of the patients where from the internal medicine clinic. The research design used a descriptive analytic method. The obtained statistical test result revealed a p-value of 0.35. Thus, it can be concluded that there is no significant relationship between foot care and the risk of diabetic ulcers occurrence.
Keywords: Foot Care, Risk of DM Ulcers, Neuropathy
ABSTRAK
Diabetes Melitus yang berlangsung lama dapat menyebabkan komplikasi neuropati yaitu hilangnya fungsi sensorik akibat kerusakan system saraf perifer dan otonom yang dimulai secara distal pada ekstermitas bawah. Hal ini dapat menyebabkan ulkus atau luka karena beberapa penyebab antara lain: perubahan anatomi, bertambahnya area yang mengalami penekanan serta terjadinya trauma berulang pada saat beraktifitas jalan akibat penurunan kepekaan saraf kaki yang menyebabkan kerusakan kulit. Oleh karena itu diperlukan pencegahan dan perawatan kaki, skrining awal dan pendidikan kesehatan tentang kaki diabetik. Namun hal ini sangat bergantung pada tingkat kepatuhan penderita dalam melaksanakan tindakan tersebut secara mandiri dirumah. Adanya perawatan kaki yang rutin diduga bukan sebagai faktor utama dalam mencegah risiko terjadinya ulkus diabetik. Maka dari itu, tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengidentifikasi hubungan antara perawatan kaki terhadap risiko kejadian ulkus pada pasien DM di RSUD Kardinah Kota Tegal. Metode yang digunakan dengan memberikan kuesioner untuk mengetahui kebiasaan perawatan kaki dirumah pada pasien DM, kemudian dilakukan pemeriksaan fisik pada kaki serta Ipswich Test (IpTT) dan Michigan Neuropaty Screening Instrument (MNSC). Jumlah responden sebanyak 51 orang dengan populasi pasien yang datang di poli penyakit dalam. Desain penelitian menggunakan metode deskriptif analitik. Hasil uji statistic diperoleh nilai p 0.35 sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa tidak terdapat hubungan signifikan antara perawatan kaki dan risiko kejadian ulkus DM.
Kata Kunci: Perawatan Kaki, Risiko Ulkus DM, Neuropati
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v7i5.17619
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