Analisis Risiko Kerja Pada Pengelolaan Limbah menggunakan Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Job Safety Observation (JSO) dan Hazard Identification, Risk Control and Risk Assasment (Hirarc) di RSUD Nganjuk

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ABSTRAK

Pengelolaan limbah bahan berbahaya dan beracun (B3) di rumah sakit merupakan upaya penting untuk melindungi keselamatan pekerja serta mencegah pencemaran lingkungan. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis risiko kerja petugas cleaning service dalam pengelolaan limbah B3 di RSUD Nganjuk, meliputi kegiatan di Ruang Dahlia, Ruang VIP Alamanda, Instalasi Gawat Darurat (IGD), Laboratorium, dan Instalasi Pengolahan Limbah (IPL), dengan menggunakan metode Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Job Safety Observation (JSO), dan Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC). Penelitian menggunakan desain deskriptif kualitatif dengan pendekatan observasional. Data diperoleh melalui observasi langsung, wawancara, dan telaah dokumen, kemudian dianalisis untuk mengidentifikasi potensi bahaya, menilai tingkat risiko, serta memberikan rekomendasi pengendalian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa seluruh tahapan kerja memiliki potensi bahaya dengan tingkat risiko bervariasi. Risiko tinggi ditemukan pada penggunaan alat pelindung diri (APD) lengkap (nilai risiko 10) dan pembersihan area TPS (nilai risiko 12) yang berpotensi menyebabkan paparan limbah infeksius, tertusuk jarum, dan kontaminasi silang. Risiko sedang terdapat pada kegiatan membuka TPS, pencatatan penimbangan limbah, serta pemindahan limbah tanpa alat bantu, sedangkan risiko rendah terjadi pada tahap pengangkutan ke kendaraan angkut. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pengelolaan limbah B3 oleh petugas cleaning service masih menyisakan risiko signifikan, terutama pada aktivitas dengan kontak langsung terhadap limbah. Rekomendasi meliputi peningkatan pengawasan kepatuhan APD, perbaikan fasilitas penyimpanan limbah, pelatihan keselamatan kerja secara berkala, serta penerapan prosedur sesuai standar K3.

Kata Kunci: Limbah B3, Risiko Kerja, JSA, JSO, HIRARC, Keselamatan Kerja, Rumah Sakit.

ABSTRACT

Management of hazardous and toxic waste (B3) in hospitals is a crucial effort to protect worker safety and prevent environmental pollution. This study aims to analyze the occupational risks of cleaning service personnel in B3 waste management at Nganjuk Regional Hospital, including activities in the Dahlia Room, the Alamanda VIP Room, the Emergency Room (IGD), the Laboratory, and the Waste Treatment Plant (IPL). This study used the Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Job Safety Observation (JSO), and Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control (HIRARC) methods. The study employed a qualitative descriptive design with an observational approach. Data were obtained through direct observation, interviews, and document review, then analyzed to identify potential hazards, assess risk levels, and provide control recommendations. The results showed that all work stages have potential hazards with varying levels of risk. High risks were identified in the use of complete personal protective equipment (PPE) (risk score 10) and cleaning the TPS area (risk score 12), which have the potential to lead to exposure to infectious waste, needlestick injuries, and cross-contamination. Moderate risks are present in the activities of opening the landfill site (TPS), recording waste weighing, and transferring waste without tools, while low risks occur during the transportation stage to the transport vehicle. The conclusion of this study indicates that hazardous waste management by cleaning service personnel still poses significant risks, especially in activities involving direct contact with the waste. Recommendations include increased supervision of PPE compliance, improvements to waste storage facilities, regular occupational safety training, and implementation of procedures in accordance with OHS standards.

Keywords: Hazardous Waste, Occupational Risks, JSA, JSO, HIRARC, Occupational Safety, Hospital.