ABSTRACT

Anemia needs to be treated immediately because it can cause fatigue, organ disorders, and reduce the quality of life. Biomolecularly, anemia can occur due to disorders in Hemoglobin, which is a protein that carries oxygen in the blood. One of the causes is the HbE gene mutation. The province with the highest anemia cases in Indonesia is West Papua, with a rate of 23.6% in 2023. The next position is occupied by Papua, South Papua, and DKI Jakarta at 10.1%. This study aims to detect the Hemoglobin E (HbE) gene by gel Electrophoresis method in anemia patients. The research design used descriptive quantitative with a population of 25 anemia. The sampling technique used Total sampling with a sample size of 25 respondents. The examination of the HbE gene was carried out using mini PCR and Gel Electrophoresis. The result of study showed that respondents Hb levels ranged from 7,8 to 11,7 gr/dL, which confirmed anemia status based on the results of the Hb level examination. The results of the detection of the HbE gene by the gel electrophoresis method is that there are bands in the gel but the quality of the bands formed looks vague and unclear so it is not possible to accurately interpret the possibility of mutations in the HbE gene at Santa Elisabeth Medan Hospital.

Keywords: Anemia, Electrophoresis, Hbe Gene, Hb Levels, PCR.

ABSTRAK

Anemia merupakan masalah kesehatan yang penting untuk segera ditangani karena bisa menyebabkan kelelahan, gangguan organ, dan menurunkan kualitas hidup. Secara biomolekuler, anemia bisa terjadi akibat gangguan pada Hemoglobin, yaitu protein yang membawa oksigen dalam darah. Salah satu penyebabnya adalah mutasi gen HbE.Provinsi dengan kasus anemia tertinggi di Indonesia adalah Papua Barat, dengan angka sebesar 23,6% pada Tahun 2023. Posisi berikutnya ditempati oleh Papua, Papua Selatan, dan DKI Jakarta sebesar 10,1%. Penelitian ini bertujuan mendeteksi gen Hemoglobin E (HbE) Metode Elektroforesis Gel pada pasien Anemia. Rancangan penelitian menggunakan deskriptif kuantitatif dengan populasi 25 pasien anemia. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan Total sampling dengan jumlah sampel sebanyak 25 responden. Pemeriksan gen HbE dilakukan dengan menggunakan mini PCR dan Elektroforesis Gel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar Hb responden berada dalam rentang 7,8 hingga 11,7 gr/dL yang mengkonfirmasi status anemia berdasarkan hasil pemeriksaan kadar Hb. Hasil deteksi gen HbE metode elektroforesis gel yaitu terdapat pita pada gel namun kualitas pita yang terbentuk terlihat samar dan tidak jelas sehingga tidak memungkinkan untuk dilakukan interpretasi secara akurat terhadap kemungkinan adanya mutasi pada gen HbE di Rumah Sakit Santa Elisabeth Medan.

Kata kunci: Anemia, Elektroforesis, Gen HbE, Kadar Hb, PCR.

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