Panduan Penulisan
Hubungan Pengetahuan, Sikap, dan Personal Hygiene terhadap Kualitas Hidup Pasien Dermatitis Kontak di Poli Kulit RSUD Kota Mataram
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ABSTRACT
Contact dermatitis is a common skin disease that can significantly affect patients’ quality of life, including physical, psychological, and social aspects. Behavioral factors such as knowledge, attitude, and personal hygiene are assumed to play an important role in influencing the quality of life of patients with contact dermatitis; however, previous studies have reported inconsistent findings. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and personal hygiene and the quality of life of patients with contact dermatitis at the Dermatology Outpatient Clinic of RSUD Kota Mataram. This study was an analytical observational quantitative study using a cross-sectional design. The sample consisted of 115 patients diagnosed with contact dermatitis, selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected using questionnaires assessing knowledge, attitude, and personal hygiene, as well as the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) to measure quality of life. Data analysis was performed using univariate and bivariate analyses with the Spearman Rank correlation test at a significance level of 0.05. The results showed that most respondents had poor knowledge (55.7%), positive attitudes (63.5%), and good personal hygiene (57.4%). Most patients (62,6%) reported minimal impact on their quality of life, while others (37,4%) experienced mild to severe impairment. Bivariate analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between knowledge and quality of life (r = 0.411; p = 0.000) and between personal hygiene and quality of life (r = 0.599; p = 0.000). Attitude also showed a statistically significant but weak correlation with quality of life (r = 0.292; p = 0.002). In conclusion, knowledge and personal hygiene play important roles in improving the quality of life of patients with contact dermatitis.
Keywords: Contact Dermatitis, Knowledge, Attitude, Personal Hygiene, Quality of Life, DLQI.
ABSTRAK
Dermatitis kontak merupakan penyakit kulit yang sering dijumpai dan menimbulkan dampak signifikan terhadap kualitas hidup pasien, baik secara fisik, psikologis, maupun sosial. Faktor perilaku seperti pengetahuan, sikap, dan personal hygiene diduga berperan dalam memengaruhi kualitas hidup pasien dermatitis kontak, namun hasil penelitian sebelumnya menunjukkan temuan yang beragam. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan pengetahuan, sikap, dan personal hygiene terhadap kualitas hidup pasien dermatitis kontak di Poli Kulit RSUD Kota Mataram. Penelitian ini kuantitatif analitik observasional dengan desain cross-sectional. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 115 pasien dermatitis kontak yang dipilih menggunakan teknik total sampling. Data dikumpulkan melalui kuesioner pengetahuan, sikap, personal hygiene, serta instrumen Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) untuk menilai kualitas hidup. Analisis data dilakukan secara univariat dan bivariat menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman Rank dengan taraf signifikansi 0,05. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagian besar responden memiliki pengetahuan kurang baik (55,7%), sikap positif (63,5%), dan personal hygiene baik (57,4%). Mayoritas pasien (62,6%) melaporkan memiliki kualitas hidup yang tidak terlalu terganggu, namun sebagian lainnya (37,4%) mengalami gangguan kualitas hidup dari ringan hingga berat. Analisis bivariat menunjukkan hubungan yang bermakna antara pengetahuan dengan kualitas hidup (r = 0,411; p = 0,000) dan antara personal hygiene dengan kualitas hidup (r = 0,599; p = 0,000). Sementara itu, sikap memiliki hubungan yang lemah namun signifikan secara statistik terhadap kualitas hidup (r = 0,292; p = 0,002). Kesimpulan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pengetahuan dan personal hygiene berperan penting dalam meningkatkan kualitas hidup pasien dermatitis kontak.
Kata Kunci: Dermatitis Kontak, Pengetahuan, Sikap, Personal Hygiene, Kualitas Hidup, DLQI.
Kata Kunci
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i4.24821
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