Hubungan Implementasi Kebijakan Kesehatan dengan Faktor Penentu Angka Kematian Bayi di Puskesmas Pasar Ikan Kota Bengkulu

Reny Suryanti, Lisma Ningsih, Ade Febryanti, Andriana Marwanto

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ABSTRACT

 

Infant Mortality Rate (IMR) is one of the primary indicators of public health status and remains a significant health problem in various regions, including Bengkulu City. Efforts to reduce IMR require effective implementation of health policies at the primary healthcare level. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between health policy implementation and the determinants of infant mortality at Pasar Ikan Primary Health Center, Bengkulu City. This research employed a mixed-method approach. Quantitative data were collected through structured questionnaires to analyze the relationship between health policy implementation and the determinants of IMR, while qualitative data were obtained through interviews to support and explain the quantitative findings. The study population consisted of 42 respondents, including the Head of the Primary Health Center, the Head of Administrative Subdivision, medical personnel, healthcare workers, and community members with infants or toddlers, using a total sampling technique. Quantitative data were analyzed using the Spearman correlation test, while qualitative data were analyzed descriptively. The results showed a strong, positive, and statistically significant relationship between health policy implementation and the determinants of infant mortality (r = 0.716; p < 0.001). Interview findings indicated that health policy implementation plays a role in strengthening maternal and child health services through improved access to services, enhanced service quality, and better monitoring of maternal and infant health. The study concludes that effective health policy implementation at the primary healthcare level plays an important role in supporting efforts to reduce infant mortality in Bengkulu City.

 

Keywords : Health Policy Implementation, Infant Mortality Rate, Primary Health Center.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Angka Kematian Bayi (AKB) merupakan salah satu indikator utama derajat kesehatan masyarakat yang masih menjadi permasalahan kesehatan di berbagai daerah, termasuk di Kota Bengkulu. Upaya penurunan AKB memerlukan implementasi kebijakan kesehatan yang efektif di tingkat pelayanan kesehatan primer. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis hubungan antara implementasi kebijakan kesehatan dengan faktor-faktor penentu angka kematian bayi di Puskesmas Pasar Ikan Kota Bengkulu. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode campuran (mixed method). Data kuantitatif diperoleh melalui kuesioner terstruktur untuk menganalisis hubungan antara implementasi kebijakan kesehatan dan faktor-faktor penentu AKB, sedangkan data kualitatif diperoleh melalui wawancara untuk memperkuat dan menjelaskan temuan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian berjumlah 42 responden yang terdiri atas Kepala Puskesmas, Kepala Subbagian Tata Usaha, tenaga medis, tenaga kesehatan puskesmas, serta masyarakat yang memiliki bayi atau balita, dengan teknik pengambilan sampel total sampling. Analisis data kuantitatif dilakukan menggunakan uji korelasi Spearman, sedangkan data kualitatif dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan terdapat hubungan yang kuat, positif, dan signifikan antara implementasi kebijakan kesehatan dengan faktor-faktor penentu angka kematian bayi (r = 0,716; p < 0,001). Hasil wawancara menunjukkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan kesehatan berperan dalam memperkuat pelayanan kesehatan ibu dan anak melalui peningkatan akses layanan, kualitas pelayanan, serta pemantauan kesehatan ibu dan bayi. Penelitian ini menyimpulkan bahwa implementasi kebijakan kesehatan yang efektif di tingkat pelayanan primer memiliki peran penting dalam mendukung upaya penurunan angka kematian bayi di Kota Bengkulu.

 

Kata Kunci: Implementasi Kebijakan Kesehatan, Angka Kematian Bayi, Puskesmas. 


Kata Kunci


Health Policy Implementation, Infant Mortality Rate, Primary Health Center

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i5.25094

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