Efektivitas In-House Training terhadap Peningkatan Kapasitas Kader dalam Deteksi Dini dan Pengelolaan Faktor Risiko Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2

Atti Yudiernawati, Tavip Dwi Wahyuni, Andi Hayyun Abiddin

Sari


ABSTRACT

 

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a non-communicable disease with a continuously increasing prevalence and poses a major public health challenge. Early detection and management of T2DM risk factors at the community level are essential strategies to reduce disease burden. Health cadres play a strategic role in promotive and preventive services; however, limited knowledge and skills often hinder optimal implementation. This study aimed to improve the capacity of health cadres in early detection and management of T2DM risk factors through In-House Training. This study employed a pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design. The intervention consisted of educational sessions, interactive discussions, and practical training on T2DM risk factors and community-based screening techniques. Knowledge and skills were measured before and after the training using structured assessment tools. The results showed a significant improvement in both knowledge and skills after the training. The mean knowledge score increased from 55.4 ± 12.7 (pretest) to 82.1 ± 10.3 (posttest) (p < 0.001). Similarly, the mean skill score improved from 48.7 ± 11.2 to 78.6 ± 9.5 (p < 0.001), indicating a statistically significant enhancement in cadre capacity. In-House Training is an effective and practical approach to strengthening the capacity of health cadres in early detection and management of T2DM risk factors. This strategy may support sustainable community-based diabetes prevention and control programs.

 

Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Health Cadres, Early Detection, In-House Training.

 

 

ABSTRAK

 

Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2 (DMT2) merupakan penyakit tidak menular dengan prevalensi yang terus meningkat dan menjadi tantangan utama kesehatan masyarakat. Deteksi dini serta pengelolaan faktor risiko DMT2 di tingkat komunitas merupakan strategi penting untuk menurunkan beban penyakit. Kader kesehatan memiliki peran strategis dalam pelayanan promotif dan preventif, namun keterbatasan pengetahuan dan keterampilan sering menjadi hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kapasitas kader kesehatan dalam deteksi dini dan pengelolaan faktor risiko DMT2 melalui In-House Training. Penelitian ini menggunakan desain pre-eksperimental dengan pendekatan one-group pretest–posttest. Intervensi meliputi pemberian materi edukatif, diskusi interaktif, dan pelatihan praktik terkait faktor risiko DMT2 serta teknik skrining sederhana berbasis komunitas. Pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader diukur sebelum dan sesudah pelatihan menggunakan instrumen penilaian terstruktur. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya peningkatan signifikan pada skor pengetahuan dan keterampilan kader setelah pelatihan. Rata-rata skor pengetahuan meningkat dari 55,4 ± 12,7 (pretest) menjadi 82,1 ± 10,3 (posttest) (p < 0,001). Rata-rata skor keterampilan juga meningkat dari 48,7 ± 11,2 menjadi 78,6 ± 9,5 (p < 0,001), yang menunjukkan peningkatan kapasitas kader secara bermakna. In-House Training merupakan pendekatan yang efektif dan aplikatif dalam meningkatkan kapasitas kader kesehatan dalam deteksi dini dan pengelolaan faktor risiko DMT2. Strategi ini berpotensi memperkuat upaya pencegahan dan pengendalian diabetes secara berkelanjutan di tingkat komunitas.

 

Kata Kunci: Diabetes Mellitus Tipe 2, Kader Kesehatan, Deteksi Dini, In-House Training.


Teks Lengkap:

Download Artikel

Referensi


Abdel-All, M., Putica, B., Praveen, D., Abimbola, S., & Joshi, R. (2017). Effectiveness of community health worker training programmes for cardiovascular disease management in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. BMJ Open, 7(11), e015529. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015529

Ballard, M., Bancroft, E., Nesbit, J., Johnson, A., Holeman, I., Foth, J., Rogers, D., Yang, J., Nardella, J., Olsen, H., Raghavan, M., Panjabi, R., Alban, R., Malaba, S., Christiansen, M., Rapp, S., Schechter, J., Aylward, P., Rogers, A., … Palazuelos, D. (2020). Prioritising the role of community health workers in the COVID-19 response. BMJ Global Health, 5(6), e002550. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2020-002550

Bereda, G. (2022). Complication of diabetes mellitus: Microvascular and macrovascular complications. Int. J. Diabetes, 3, 123–128.

Cahya Mulat, T., Asprimi Anggraeni, T., Hardi, W., Kamaruddin, M. I., & Andre Mangaya Takke, J. (2025). Strengthening the role of community health workers through supportive supervision: A Scoping Review. Journal Interdisciplinary Health, 1(4 SE-Systematic Reviews), 91–100. https://doi.org/10.61099/jih.v1i3.139

Cho, N. H., Shaw, J. E., Karuranga, S., Huang, Y., da Rocha Fernandes, J. D., Ohlrogge, A. W., & Malanda, B. (2018). IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of diabetes prevalence for 2017 and projections for 2045. Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 138, 271–281. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2018.02.023

Davies, M. J., D’Alessio, D. A., Fradkin, J., Kernan, W. N., Mathieu, C., Mingrone, G., Rossing, P., Tsapas, A., Wexler, D. J., & Buse, J. B. (2018). Management of Hyperglycemia in Type 2 Diabetes, 2018. A Consensus Report by the American Diabetes Association (ADA) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD). Diabetes Care, 41(12), 2669–2701. https://doi.org/10.2337/dci18-0033

ElSayed, N. A., Aleppo, G., Aroda, V. R., Bannuru, R. R., Brown, F. M., Bruemmer, D., Collins, B. S., Cusi, K., Das, S. R., Gibbons, C. H., Giurini, J. M., Hilliard, M. E., Isaacs, D., Johnson, E. L., Kahan, S., Khunti, K., Kosiborod, M., Leon, J., Lyons, S. K., … Association, on behalf of the A. D. (2022). Introduction and Methodology: Standards of Care in Diabetes—2023. Diabetes Care, 46(Supplement_1), S1–S4. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc23-Sint

Goyal, R., Singhal, M., & Jialal, I. (2023). Type 2 Diabetes. StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK513253/

Harding, J. L., Pavkov, M. E., Magliano, D. J., Shaw, J. E., & Gregg, E. W. (2019). Global trends in diabetes complications: a review of current evidence. Diabetologia, 62(1), 3–16. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00125-018-4711-2

International Diabetes Federation. (2023). IDF Diabetes Atlas (10th ed.). https://diabetesatlas.org/

Jeet, G., Thakur, J. S., Prinja, S., & Singh, M. (2017a). Community Health Workers for Non- Communicable Diseases Prevention and Control in Developing Countries : Evidence and Implications. Evidence and Implications. PLOS ONE, 12(1), 1–21.

Jeet, G., Thakur, J. S., Prinja, S., & Singh, M. (2017b). Community health workers for non-communicable diseases prevention and control in developing countries: evidence and implications. PloS One, 12(7), e0180640.

Kim, K., Choi, J. S., Choi, E., Nieman, C. L., Joo, J. H., Lin, F. R., Gitlin, L. N., & Han, H.-R. (2016). Effects of community-based health worker interventions to improve chronic disease management and care among vulnerable populations: a systematic review. American Journal of Public Health, 106(4), e3–e28.

Maria Karolina Selano, & Oke Dwi Astuti. (2025). Strengthening The Capacity of Health Cadres Through Active Diabetes Education at The Kagok Health Center, Semarang City, 2025. Journal of Community Engagement in Health, 8(2 SE-Articles), 311–318. https://doi.org/10.30994/jceh.v8i2.749

Nakamura, K., Siongco, K. L. L., Moncatar, T. J. R. T., Tejero, L. M. S., De La Vega, S. A. F., Bonito, S. R., Javier, R., Tsutsui, T., Tri Han, T. D., Vo, M. T. H., Tashiro, Y., Al-Sobaihi, S., Seino, K., Van Vo, T., Lorenzo, F. M. E., & Canila, C. C. (2022). In-service training programme for health and social care workers in the Philippines to strengthen interprofessional collaboration in caring for older adults: a mixed-methods study. Health Research Policy and Systems, 20(1), 111. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12961-022-00914-2

O’Donovan, J., O’Donovan, C., Kuhn, I., Sachs, S. E., & Winters, N. (2018). Ongoing training of community health workers in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic scoping review of the literature. BMJ Open, 8(4), e021467.

Perry, H. B., Zulliger, R., & Rogers, M. M. (2014). Community health workers in low-, middle-, and high-income countries: an overview of their history, recent evolution, and current effectiveness. Annual Review of Public Health, 35, 399–421.

Rowe, A. K., Rowe, S. Y., Peters, D. H., Holloway, K. A., Chalker, J., & Ross-Degnan, D. (2018). Effectiveness of strategies to improve health-care provider practices in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review. The Lancet Global Health, 6(11), e1163–e1175.

Rushforth, B., McCrorie, C., Glidewell, L., Midgley, E., & Foy, R. (2016). Barriers to effective management of type 2 diabetes in primary care: qualitative systematic review. The British Journal of General Practice : The Journal of the Royal College of General Practitioners, 66(643), e114-27. https://doi.org/10.3399/bjgp16X683509

Scott, K., Beckham, S. W., Gross, M., Pariyo, G., Rao, K. D., Cometto, G., & Perry, H. B. (2018). What do we know about community-based health worker programs? A systematic review of existing reviews on community health workers. Human Resources for Health, 16(1), 39. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-018-0304-x

World Health Organization. (2018). WHO guideline on health policy and system support to optimize community health worker programmes. WHO.

World Health Organization. (2022). Global Report on Diabetes and Noncommunicable Diseases. https://www.who.int/




DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i5.25150

Refbacks

  • Saat ini tidak ada refbacks.