Prevalensi Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (Mrsa) pada Pasien Impetigo: Suatu Tinjauan Sistematik
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ABSTRACT
Antimicrobial resistance is a major global health threat, with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) being a major pathogen in skin infections. MRSA is not only found in healthcare facilities but is also increasingly common in community-acquired infections. Impetigo is a common superficial skin infection that is often managed empirically without microbiological testing. Although Staphylococcus aureus is the primary causative agent, specific studies on MRSA in impetigo remain limited. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of MRSA in patients with impetigo through a systematic review. This study is a systematic review based on the PRISMA 2020 guidelines. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, the Cochrane Library, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar. Observational studies reporting the prevalence of MRSA in impetigo were included. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist, and the analysis was descriptive. This study found that six studies met the inclusion criteria. The prevalence of MRSA varied widely, ranging from 0% to 100%. The highest prevalence was found in the context of community outbreaks, while other studies showed lower rates. Overall, the methodological quality of the studies was good, with a low to moderate risk of bias. It can be concluded that MRSA is a cause of impetigo with prevalence varying across regions. These findings underscore the importance of considering MRSA in the etiology of impetigo, as well as the need for monitoring antibiotic resistance and utilizing local epidemiological data for appropriate empirical therapy.
Keywords: MRSA, Impetigo, Prevalence, Antimicrobial Resistance, Staphylococcus Aureus.
ABSTRAK
Resistensi antimikroba merupakan ancaman utama kesehatan global, dengan Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) sebagai patogen penting pada infeksi kulit. MRSA tidak hanya ditemukan di fasilitas kesehatan, tetapi juga semakin sering pada infeksi komunitas. Impetigo adalah infeksi kulit superfisial yang umum dan sering ditatalaksana secara empiris tanpa pemeriksaan mikrobiologis. Meskipun Staphylococcus aureus merupakan etiologi utama, studi khusus mengenai MRSA pada impetigo masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengevaluasi prevalensi MRSA pada pasien impetigo melalui tinjauan sistematik. Penelitian ini merupakan tinjauan sistematik berbasis pedoman PRISMA 2020. Pencarian literatur dilakukan pada PubMed, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, ScienceDirect, dan Google Scholar. Studi observasional yang melaporkan prevalensi MRSA pada impetigo disertakan. Kualitas studi dinilai menggunakan Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist, dan analisis dilakukan secara deskriptif. Penelitian ini membuktikan bahwa terdapat enam studi memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Prevalensi MRSA bervariasi luas, dari 0% hingga 100%. Prevalensi tertinggi ditemukan pada konteks wabah komunitas, sementara studi lain menunjukkan angka yang lebih rendah. Secara umum, kualitas metodologis studi tergolong baik dengan risiko bias rendah hingga sedang. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa, MRSA merupakan salah satu penyebab impetigo dengan prevalensi yang bervariasi antar wilayah. Temuan ini menegaskan pentingnya mempertimbangkan MRSA dalam etiologi impetigo serta perlunya pemantauan resistensi antibiotik dan penggunaan data epidemiologi lokal untuk terapi empiris yang tepat.
Kata Kunci: MRSA, Impetigo, Prevalensi, Resistensi Antibiotik, Staphylococcus Aureus.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.33024/mnj.v8i7.25399
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